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Production of highly efficient activated carbons from industrial wastes for the removal of pharmaceuticals from water-A full factorial design.
Journal of Hazardous Materials ( IF 12.2 ) Pub Date : 2018-02-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.02.053
Guilaine Jaria 1 , Carla Patrícia Silva 1 , João A B P Oliveira 1 , Sérgio M Santos 2 , María Victoria Gil 3 , Marta Otero 4 , Vânia Calisto 1 , Valdemar I Esteves 1
Affiliation  

The wide occurrence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments urges the development of cost-effective solutions for their removal from water. In a circular economy context, primary paper mill sludge (PS) was used to produce activated carbon (AC) aiming the adsorptive removal of these contaminants. The use of low-cost precursors for the preparation of ACs capable of competing with commercial ACs continues to be a challenge. A full factorial design of four factors (pyrolysis temperature, residence time, precursor/activating agent ratio, and type of activating agent) at two levels was applied to the production of AC using PS as precursor. The responses analysed were the yield of production, percentage of adsorption for three pharmaceuticals (sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, and paroxetine), specific surface area (SBET), and total organic carbon (TOC). Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate influencing factors in the responses and to determine the most favourable production conditions. Four ACs presented very good responses, namely on the adsorption of the pharmaceuticals under study (average adsorption percentage around 78%, which is above that of commercial AC), and SBET between 1389 and 1627 m2 g-1. A desirability analysis pointed out 800 °C for 60 min and a precursor/KOH ratio of 1:1 (w/w) as the optimal production conditions.

中文翻译:

从工业废料中生产高效活性炭以去除水中的药物-全析因设计。

药物在水生环境中的广泛应用促使人们开发出经济有效的解决方案,用于从水中去除药物。在循环经济的背景下,主要的造纸厂污泥(PS)用于生产活性炭(AC),目的是吸附去除这些污染物。使用低成本的前体来制备能够与商业AC竞争的AC仍然是一个挑战。使用PS作为前体,将两个水平的四个因素(热解温度,停留时间,前体/活化剂比例和活化剂类型)的全因子设计应用于AC的生产。分析的响应包括产量,三种药物(磺胺甲恶唑,卡马西平和帕罗西汀)的吸附百分比,比表面积(SBET),以及总有机碳(TOC)。进行统计分析以评估响应中的影响因素并确定最有利的生产条件。四个AC表现出非常好的响应,即对所研究药物的吸附(平均吸附百分比约为78%,高于商业AC的吸附百分比)以及SBET在1389和1627 m2 g-1之间。理想的分析指出,最佳的生产条件是800°C持续60分钟,前体/ KOH比为1:1(w / w)。和SBET在1389至1627 m2 g-1之间。理想的分析指出,最佳的生产条件是800°C持续60分钟,前体/ KOH比为1:1(w / w)。和SBET在1389至1627 m2 g-1之间。理想的分析指出,最佳的生产条件是800°C持续60分钟,前体/ KOH比为1:1(w / w)。
更新日期:2019-03-14
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