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Changes of the Specific Infectivity of Tracer Phages during Transport in Porous Media
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-09 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06271 Nawras Ghanem 1 , Manuel Trost 1 , Laura Sánchez Fontanet 1 , Hauke Harms 1, 2 , Antonis Chatzinotas 1, 2 , Lukas Y. Wick 1
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-09 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06271 Nawras Ghanem 1 , Manuel Trost 1 , Laura Sánchez Fontanet 1 , Hauke Harms 1, 2 , Antonis Chatzinotas 1, 2 , Lukas Y. Wick 1
Affiliation
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Phages (i.e., viruses infecting bacteria) are considered to be good indicators and tracers for fecal pollution, hydraulic flow, or colloidal transport in the subsurface. They are typically quantified as total virus particles (VLP) or plaque forming units (PFU) of infectious phages. As transport may lead to phage deactivation, VLP quantification can overestimate the number of infectious phages. In contrast, PFU counts may underestimate the transport of total virus particles. Using PFU and tunable resistive pulse sensing-based counting for active and total phages, respectively, we quantified the effect of transport through laboratory percolation columns on the specific infectivity (SI). The SI is defined by the ratio of total VLP to PFU and is a measure for the minimum particle numbers needed to create a single infection. Transport of three marine tracer phages and the coli-phage (T4) was described by colloidal filtration theory. We found that apparent collision efficiencies of active and total phages differed. Depending on the phage properties (e.g., morphology or hydrophobicity), passage through a porous medium led to either an increasing or decreasing SI of effluent phages. Our data suggest that both phage mass recovery and the SI should be considered in quantitative phage tracer experiments.
中文翻译：
示踪噬菌体在多孔介质中运输过程中比传染性的变化
噬菌体（即感染细菌的病毒）被认为是粪便污染，水力流量或地下胶体运输的良好指示剂和示踪剂。它们通常被量化为传染性噬菌体的总病毒颗粒（VLP）或噬菌斑形成单位（PFU）。由于运输可能导致噬菌体失活，因此VLP定量可能会高估感染性噬菌体的数量。相反，PFU计数可能会低估总病毒颗粒的运输。分别使用PFU和基于可调电阻性脉冲感应的主动噬菌体和总噬菌体计数，我们定量了通过实验室渗滤柱的运输对特定感染性（SI）的影响。SI由总VLP与PFU之比定义，是衡量产生单一感染所需的最小颗粒数的量度。通过胶体过滤理论描述了三种海洋示踪噬菌体和大肠杆菌噬菌体（T4）的运输。我们发现活性噬菌体和总噬菌体的表观碰撞效率不同。根据噬菌体的性质（例如形态或疏水性），通过多孔介质会导致流出噬菌体的SI升高或降低。我们的数据表明，在定量噬菌体示踪剂实验中应同时考虑噬菌体质量回收率和SI。
更新日期：2018-03-10
中文翻译：
示踪噬菌体在多孔介质中运输过程中比传染性的变化
噬菌体（即感染细菌的病毒）被认为是粪便污染，水力流量或地下胶体运输的良好指示剂和示踪剂。它们通常被量化为传染性噬菌体的总病毒颗粒（VLP）或噬菌斑形成单位（PFU）。由于运输可能导致噬菌体失活，因此VLP定量可能会高估感染性噬菌体的数量。相反，PFU计数可能会低估总病毒颗粒的运输。分别使用PFU和基于可调电阻性脉冲感应的主动噬菌体和总噬菌体计数，我们定量了通过实验室渗滤柱的运输对特定感染性（SI）的影响。SI由总VLP与PFU之比定义，是衡量产生单一感染所需的最小颗粒数的量度。通过胶体过滤理论描述了三种海洋示踪噬菌体和大肠杆菌噬菌体（T4）的运输。我们发现活性噬菌体和总噬菌体的表观碰撞效率不同。根据噬菌体的性质（例如形态或疏水性），通过多孔介质会导致流出噬菌体的SI升高或降低。我们的数据表明，在定量噬菌体示踪剂实验中应同时考虑噬菌体质量回收率和SI。
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