Coastal communities are threatened by sea-level changes operating at various spatial scales; global to regional variations are associated with glacier and ice sheet loss and ocean thermal expansion, while smaller coastal-scale variations are also related to atmospheric surges, tides and waves. Here, using 23 years (1993–2015) of global coastal sea-level observations, we examine the contribution of these latter processes to long-term sea-level rise, which, to date, have been relatively less explored. It is found that wave contributions can strongly dampen or enhance the effects of thermal expansion and land ice loss on coastal water-level changes at interannual-to-multidecadal timescales. Along the US West Coast, for example, negative wave-induced trends dominate, leading to negative net water-level trends. Accurate estimates of past, present and future coastal sea-level rise therefore need to consider low-frequency contributions of wave set-up and swash.

沿海社区受到在各种空间尺度上运行的海平面变化的威胁；全球到区域的变化与冰川和冰盖损失以及海洋热膨胀有关，而较小的沿海尺度变化也与大气浪潮，潮汐和海浪有关。在这里，我们使用23年（1993年至2015年）的全球沿海海平面观测数据，研究了后面这些过程对长期海平面上升的贡献，迄今为止，相对较少的探索。研究发现，在一年到几十年的时间尺度上，波浪的贡献可以极大地抑制或增强热膨胀和陆地冰损失对沿海水位变化的影响。例如，在美国西海岸，负波引起的趋势占主导地位，从而导致负净水位趋势。对过去的准确估计，