VO₂-based ‘nanothermochromics’ that utilize the dispersion of VO₂ nanoparticles in a passive host matrix have been evaluated as an economic strategy of “smart” windows to reduce energy consumption for heating and air conditioning in buildings. Here, we demonstrate a high-throughput roll-to-roll fabrication of thermochromic coatings for smart windows that can adapt their optical properties in accordance with external temperature. A large quantity (250 g) of VO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) was synthesized at one time by controlled thermal treatment of bead-milled V₂O₅ NPs as a fast and inexpensive method. The amorphous nature of bead-milled V₂O₅ NPs combined with their nanometer size kinetically facilitates uniform synthesis of high-quality VO₂ NPs even under less-reducing conditions than those used to obtain bulk VO₂. This mass production of VO₂ NPs could be used to fabricate the largest thermochromic coatings with VO₂/PVP composites (12 cm × 600 cm) yet produced with excellent infrared modulation ability (∼45%). This scalable and continuous production of large coatings with thermochromic NPs will accelerate the commercialization of thermochromic coatings for smart windows, which will contribute to a large reduction in energy consumption to heat or cool buildings.

中文翻译：

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高通量卷对卷结构，用于带有VO ₂纳米粒子的智能窗户柔性热致变色涂层†

利用VO ₂纳米颗粒分散在被动基质中的基于VO ₂的“纳米热变色剂”已被评估为“智能”窗户以减少建筑物供暖和空调能耗的经济策略。在这里，我们演示了用于智能窗户的热致变色涂料的高通量卷对卷制造方法，该方法可以根据外部温度调整其光学性能。通过珠磨V ₂ O ₅ NP的受控热处理，可以快速而廉价地一次合成大量（250 g）的VO ₂纳米颗粒（NP）。球磨V ₂ O ₅的非晶态性质NP与其纳米尺寸相结合在动力学上促进了高质量VO ₂ NP的均匀合成，即使在比用于获得大体积VO ₂的还原条件更少的还原条件下。大量生产的VO ₂ NPs可用于制造最大的具有VO ₂ / PVP复合材料（12 cm×600 cm）的热致变色涂层，并且具有出色的红外调制能力（〜45％）。具有热致变色NP的大型涂料的这种可扩展且连续的生产将加速用于智能窗户的热致变色涂料的商业化，这将有助于大幅减少用于加热或冷却建筑物的能源消耗。