Background: Only a few randomized dietary intervention studies that investigated the effects of lacto-ovo vegetarian diet (Vd) in clinically healthy omnivorous subjects are available.

Methods: We randomly assigned to overweight omnivores with a low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk profile a low-calorie Vd compared with a low-calorie Mediterranean diet (MD), each lasting 3 months, with a crossover design. The primary outcome was the difference in body weight, body mass index, and fat mass changes between the 2 groups. Secondary outcomes were differences in circulating cardiovascular disease risk parameters changes between the 2 groups.

Results: One hundred eighteen subjects (mean age: 51.1 years, females: 78%) were enrolled. The total participation rate at the end of the study was 84.7%. No differences between the 2 diets in body weight were observed, as reported by similar and significant reductions obtained by both Vd (−1.88 kg) and MD (−1.77 kg). Similar results were observed for body mass index and fat mass. In contrast, significant differences between the 2 interventions were obtained for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and vitamin B₁₂ levels. The difference between the Vd and MD groups, in terms of end-of-diet values, was recorded at 9.10 mg/dL for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.01), 12.70 mg/dL for triglycerides (P<0.01), and 32.32 pg/mL for vitamin B₁₂ (P<0.01). Finally, no significant difference was found between Vd and MD interventions in oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines, except for interleukin-17, which improved only in the MD group. Forty-six participants during the Vd period and 35 during the MD period reached the target values for ≥1 cardiovascular risk factor.

Conclusions: Both Vd and MD were effective in reducing body weight, body mass index, and fat mass, with no significant differences between them. However, Vd was more effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, whereas MD led to a greater reduction in triglyceride levels.

Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02641834.

背景：只有少数随机饮食干预研究可以调查乳卵素食饮食（V d）对临床健康杂食性受试者的影响。

方法：我们将低热量的d d与低热量的地中海饮食（MD）相比，随机分配给具有低至中度心血管风险特征的超重杂食者，每种均持续3个月，并采用交叉设计。主要结果是两组之间体重，体重指数和脂肪质量变化的差异。次要结果是两组之间循环心血管疾病风险参数变化的差异。

结果：招募了118名受试者（平均年龄：51.1岁，女性：78％）。研究结束时的总参与率为84.7％。如V d（-1.88 kg）和MD（-1.77 kg）均获得相似且显着的降低，这两种饮食在体重方面均未见差异。体重指数和脂肪量也观察到相似的结果。相比之下，两种干预措施在低密度脂蛋白胆固醇，甘油三酸酯和维生素B ₁₂水平方面存在显着差异。对于低密度脂蛋白胆固醇，V d组和MD组之间的饮食终值差异为9.10 mg / dL（P = 0.01），甘油三酸酯为12.70 mg / dL（P <0.01），维生素B ₁₂为32.32 pg / mL （P <0.01）。最后，除了白介素17（仅在MD组有所改善）外，V d和MD干预在氧化应激标志物和炎性细胞因子方面没有发现显着差异。在V d期间有46名参与者，在MD期间有35名参与者达到了≥1个心血管危险因素的目标值。

结论： V d和MD均有效降低体重，体重指数和脂肪量，两者之间无显着差异。然而，V d在降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平方面更为有效，而MD导致甘油三酸酯水平的降低更大。

临床试验注册： URL：https://www.clinicaltrials.gov。唯一标识符：NCT02641834。