Loss of pleasure (clinically referred to as anhedonia), impairments in other reward-related processes such as reward learning, motivation, and reward valuation, and blunted affect characterize several mood and other psychiatric disorders. Despite the availability of many therapeutic options for these disorders, reward-related impairments remain challenging to treat and often persist despite alleviation of other symptoms. Lack of animal models of reward-related impairments and affect that have high construct and predictive validity is a key obstacle to developing novel treatments. This review highlights 1) guidelines to consider when developing translatable animal models; and 2) recent efforts to develop new reward-related assessments in humans and nonhuman animals that have been translated or back-translated from one species to another. The procedures described in this review are used to assess aspects of reward learning, motivated behavior, reward valuation, and affect. In several cases, researchers have attempted to implement task parameters that are as identical as possible to the parallel parameters used in existing cross-species tasks, with the goal of improving the translation of preclinical drug discovery findings to the clinic. In this regard, Dr. Athina Markou, who worked tirelessly throughout her career to understand and treat reward-related impairments across several psychiatric disorders, had great influence on conceptualizing the development and use of translational animal models of reward-related processes.

中文翻译：

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奖励和快感缺失的转化评估

快感丧失（临床上称为快感缺失）、其他奖励相关过程（如奖励学习、动机和奖励评估）的障碍以及情感迟钝是几种情绪和其他精神障碍的特征。尽管有许多治疗这些疾病的选择，但与奖励相关的损伤仍然难以治疗，并且尽管其他症状有所缓解，但通常会持续存在。缺乏具有高构建和预测有效性的与奖励相关的损伤和影响的动物模型是开发新疗法的主要障碍。这篇评论强调了 1) 开发可翻译动物模型时要考虑的指南；2) 最近在人类和非人类动物中开发新的奖励相关评估的努力，这些评估已经从一个物种翻译或回译到另一个物种。本评论中描述的程序用于评估奖励学习、动机行为、奖励评估和​​影响的各个方面。在一些情况下，研究人员试图实施与现有跨物种任务中使用的并行参数尽可能相同的任务参数，目的是改善临床前药物发现结果向临床的转化。在这方面，Athina Markou 博士在她的职业生涯中不知疲倦地工作以了解和治疗几种精神疾病中与奖赏相关的障碍，对奖赏相关过程的转化动物模型的开发和使用的概念化产生了重大影响。研究人员试图实施与现有跨物种任务中使用的并行参数尽可能相同的任务参数，目的是改善临床前药物发现结果向临床的转化。在这方面，Athina Markou 博士在她的职业生涯中不知疲倦地工作以了解和治疗几种精神疾病中与奖赏相关的障碍，对奖赏相关过程的转化动物模型的概念化发展和使用产生了重大影响。研究人员试图实施与现有跨物种任务中使用的并行参数尽可能相同的任务参数，目的是改善临床前药物发现结果向临床的转化。在这方面，Athina Markou 博士在她的职业生涯中不知疲倦地工作以了解和治疗几种精神疾病中与奖赏相关的障碍，对奖赏相关过程的转化动物模型的概念化发展和使用产生了重大影响。