Dynamics and Function of Nuclear Bodies during Embryogenesis,Biochemistry

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Dynamics and Function of Nuclear Bodies during Embryogenesis
Biochemistry ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-02-23 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01262
Dahyana Arias Escayola ₁ , Karla M. Neugebauer ₁

Affiliation

Nuclear bodies are RNA-rich membraneless organelles in the cell nucleus that concentrate specific sets of nuclear proteins and RNA–protein complexes. Nuclear bodies such as the nucleolus, Cajal body (CB), and the histone locus body (HLB) concentrate factors required for nuclear steps of RNA processing. Formation of these nuclear bodies occurs on genomic loci and is frequently associated with active sites of transcription. Whether nuclear body formation is dependent on a particular gene element, an active process such as transcription, or the nascent RNA present at gene loci is a topic of debate. Recently, this question has been addressed through studies in model organisms and their embryos. The switch from maternally provided RNA and protein to zygotic gene products in early embryos has been well characterized in a variety of organisms. This process, termed maternal-to-zygotic transition, provides an excellent model for studying formation of nuclear bodies before, during, and after the transcriptional activation of the zygotic genome. Here, we review findings in embryos that reveal key principles in the study of the formation and function of nucleoli, CBs, and HLBs. We propose that while particular gene elements may contribute to formation of these nuclear bodies, active transcription promotes maturation of nuclear bodies and efficient RNA processing within them.

中文翻译：

胚胎发育过程中核体的动力学和功能

核小体是细胞核中富含RNA的无膜细胞器，可浓缩特定组的核蛋白和RNA-蛋白复合物。核仁（如核仁，Cajal体（CB）和组蛋白基因座体（HLB））集中了RNA处理的核步骤所需的因子。这些核小体的形成发生在基因组位点上，并经常与转录的活性位点相关。核小体的形成是否取决于特定的基因元件，转录等活性过程还是基因位点处出现的新生RNA是一个争论的话题。最近，已经通过对模型生物及其胚胎的研究解决了这个问题。在多种生物中，早已从母体提供的RNA和蛋白质向合子基因产物的转换已得到很好的表征。该过程称为母体到合子的过渡，为研究合子基因组的转录激活之前，期间和之后的核小体形成提供了一个极好的模型。在这里，我们回顾了胚胎中的发现，这些发现揭示了核仁，CB和HLB的形成和功能研究的关键原理。我们提出，虽然特定的基因元件可能有助于这些核小体的形成，但主动转录促进核小体的成熟和核内的有效RNA加工。和HLB。我们提出，虽然特定的基因元件可能有助于这些核小体的形成，但主动转录促进核小体的成熟和核内的有效RNA加工。和HLB。我们提出，虽然特定的基因元件可能有助于这些核小体的形成，但主动转录促进核小体的成熟和核内的有效RNA加工。

更新日期：2018-02-23

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