Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) lining the gastrointestinal tract establish a barrier between external environments and the internal milieu. An intact intestinal barrier maintains gut health and overall good health of the body by preventing from tissue injury, pathogen infection and disease development. When the intestinal barrier function is compromised, bacterial translocation can occur. Our gut microbiota also plays a fundamentally important role in health, for example, by maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, metabolism and modulating the immune system, etc. Any disruption of gut microbiota composition (also termed dysbiosis) can lead to various pathological conditions. In short, intestinal barrier and gut microbiota are two crucial factors affecting gut health. The gastrointestinal tract is a complex environment exposed to many dietary components and commensal bacteria. Dietary components are increasingly recognized to play various beneficial roles beyond basic nutrition, resulting in the development of the functional food concepts. Various dietary modifiers, including the consumption of live bacteria (probiotics) and ingestible food constituents such as prebiotics, as well as polyphenols or synbiotics (combinations of probiotics and prebiotics) are the most well characterized dietary bioactive compounds and have been demonstrated to beneficially impact the gut health and the overall well-being of the host. In this review we depict the roles of intestinal epithelium and gut microbiota in mucosal defence responses and the influence of certain functional food components on the modulation of gut health, with a particular focus on probiotics, prebiotics and polyphenols.

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功能性食品成分对肠道健康的影响

胃肠道内壁的肠上皮细胞（IEC）在外部环境和内部环境之间建立了屏障。完整的肠屏障可防止组织损伤，病原体感染和疾病发展，从而保持肠道健康和身体整体健康。当肠屏障功能受损时，可能发生细菌移位。我们的肠道菌群在健康方面也起着根本性的重要作用，例如，通过维持肠道屏障的完整性，新陈代谢和调节免疫系统等。肠道菌群组成的任何破坏（也称为营养不良）都可能导致各种病理状况。简而言之，肠屏障和肠道菌群是影响肠道健康的两个关键因素。胃肠道是一个复杂的环境，暴露于许多饮食成分和共生细菌。人们日益认识到，膳食成分除了基本营养外还可以发挥各种有益作用，从而导致功能性食品概念的发展。各种饮食改良剂，包括食用活细菌（益生菌）和可食用食物成分（如益生元），以及多酚或合生元（益生菌和益生元的组合），是饮食中最能表征的生物活性化合物，并已证明对人体健康有积极影响。肠道健康和寄主的整体健康状况。在这篇综述中，我们描述了肠上皮和肠道菌群在粘膜防御反应中的作用以及某些功能性食物成分对肠道健康调节的影响，