Membrane proteins (MP) are stable in their native lipid environment. To enable structural and functional investigations, MP need to be extracted from the membrane. This is a critical step that represents the main obstacle for MP biochemistry and structural biology. General guidelines and rules for membrane protein solubilization remain difficult to establish. This review aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the general concepts of MP solubilization and stabilization as well as recent advances in detergents innovation. Understanding how solubilization and stabilization are intimately linked is key to facilitate MP isolation toward fundamental structural and functional research as well as drug discovery applications. How to manage the tour de force of destabilizing the lipid bilayer and stabilizing MP at the same time is the holy grail of successful isolation and investigation of such a delicate and fascinating class of proteins.

中文翻译：

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野生型和全长膜蛋白增溶稳定的阴阳

膜蛋白 (MP) 在其天然脂质环境中是稳定的。为了进行结构和功能研究，需要从膜中提取 MP。这是一个关键步骤，代表了 MP 生物化学和结构生物学的主要障碍。膜蛋白溶解的一般指南和规则仍然难以建立。本综述旨在为读者提供关于 MP 增溶和稳定的一般概念以及洗涤剂创新的最新进展的全面概述。了解增溶和稳定如何密切相关是促进 MP 分离用于基础结构和功能研究以及药物发现应用的关键。