Occupational exposure to swine has been associated with increased Staphylococcus aureus carriage, including antimicrobial-resistant strains, and increased risk of infections. To characterize animal and environmental routes of worker exposure, we optimized methods to identify S. aureus on operations that raise swine in confinement with antibiotics (industrial hog operation: IHO) versus on pasture without antibiotics (antibiotic-free hog operation: AFHO). We associated findings from tested swine and environmental samples with those from personal inhalable air samplers on worker surrogates at one IHO and three AFHOs in North Carolina using a new One Health approach. We determined swine S. aureus carriage status by collecting swab samples from multiple anatomical sites, and we determined environmental positivity for airborne bioaerosols with inhalable and impinger samplers and a single-stage impactor (ambient air) cross-sectionally. All samples were analyzed for S. aureus, and isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, absence of scn (livestock marker), and spa type. Seventeen of twenty (85%) swine sampled at the one IHO carried S. aureus at >1 anatomical sites compared to none of 30 (0%) swine sampled at the three AFHOs. All S. aureus isolates recovered from IHO swine and air samples were scn negative and spa type t337; almost all isolates (62/63) were multidrug resistant. S. aureus was recovered from eight of 14 (67%) ambient air and two (100%) worker surrogate personal air samples at the one IHO, whereas no S. aureus isolates were recovered from 19 ambient and six personal air samples at the three AFHOs. Personal worker surrogate inhalable sample findings were consistent with both swine and ambient air data, indicating the potential for workplace exposure. IHO swine and the one IHO environment could be a source of potential pathogen exposure to workers, as supported by the detection of multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA) with livestock-associated spa type t337 among swine, worker surrogate personal air samplers and environmental air samples at the one IHO but none of the three AFHOs sampled in this study. Concurrent sampling of swine, personal swine worker surrogate air, and ambient airborne dust demonstrated that IHO workers may be exposed through both direct (animal contact) and indirect (airborne) routes of transmission. Investigation of the effectiveness of contact and respiratory protections is warranted to prevent IHO worker exposure to multidrug-resistant livestock-associated S. aureus and other pathogens.

与猪的职业接触与金黄色葡萄球菌（包括抗菌素耐药菌株）携带量的增加以及感染风险的增加有关。为了描述工人接触的动物和环境途径，我们优化了在使用抗生素饲养猪的操作（工业生猪操作：IHO）与不使用抗生素的牧场（无抗生素生猪操作：AFHO）中识别金黄色葡萄球菌的方法。我们使用一种新的 One Health 方法，将受测试的猪和环境样本的结果与北卡罗来纳州一家 IHO 和 3 家 AFHO 工人代理人的个人吸入空气采样器的结果联系起来。我们通过从多个解剖部位收集拭子样本来确定猪金黄色葡萄球菌的携带状况，并使用可吸入式和撞击式采样器以及单级冲击器（环境空气）横截面确定了空气中生物气溶胶的环境阳性率。对所有样品进行了金黄色葡萄球菌分析，并测试了分离株的抗菌敏感性、缺乏scn（牲畜标记）和spa类型。在一个 IHO 采样的 20 头猪中，有 17 头 (85%) 在 > 1 个解剖部位携带金黄色葡萄球菌，而在 3 个 AFHO 采样的 30 头猪中没有一头 (0%) 携带金黄色葡萄球菌。从 IHO 猪和空气样本中回收的所有金黄色葡萄球菌分离株均为scn阴性且spa型 t337；几乎所有分离株（62/63）都具有多重耐药性。在一个IHO中，从 14 个环境空气样本中的 8 个（67%）和两个（100%）工人替代个人空气样本中回收到金黄色葡萄球菌，而在三个 IHO 中，从 19 个环境空气样本和 6 个个人空气样本中没有分离出金黄色葡萄球菌。 AFHO。个人工人替代吸入样本的结果与猪和环境空气数据一致，表明存在工作场所暴露的可能性。IHO 猪和单一 IHO 环境可能是工人潜在病原体暴露的一个来源，这一点得到了猪、工人替代个人空气采样器和环境中检测到的具有与牲畜相关的 t337 型spa型的多重耐药金黄色葡萄球菌(MDRSA)的支持。本研究中仅在一个 IHO 采样了空气样本，但在 3 个 AFHO 中均未采样。对猪、养猪工人的替代空气和环境空气灰尘的同时采样表明，IHO 工作人员可能通过直接（动物接触）和间接（空气传播）传播途径受到暴露。有必要对接触和呼吸防护措施的有效性进行调查，以防止 IHO 工作人员接触与牲畜相关的多重耐药金黄色葡萄球菌和其他病原体。