Embryonic hints of adult diversity The adult brain contains dozens of different types of interneurons that control and refine neuronal circuits. Mi et al. used single-cell transcriptomics to investigate when these subtypes emerge during interneuron development in the mouse. Transcriptomes of embryonic interneurons showed similarities to adult classes of differentiated interneurons, thus dividing the immature embryonic interneurons themselves into classes. Nearly a dozen classes of embryonic neurons could be identified soon after their last mitosis by transcriptomic similarity with known classes of adult cortical interneurons. Thus, the fate of embryonic interneurons can be read in their transcriptomes well before the neurons migrate and reach their final sites of differentiation and circuit integration. Science, this issue p. 81 Single-cell transcriptomics reveals embryonic correlates of adult interneuron classes. GABAergic interneurons (GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid) regulate neural-circuit activity in the mammalian cerebral cortex. These cortical interneurons are structurally and functionally diverse. Here, we use single-cell transcriptomics to study the origins of this diversity in the mouse. We identify distinct types of progenitor cells and newborn neurons in the ganglionic eminences, the embryonic proliferative regions that give rise to cortical interneurons. These embryonic precursors show temporally and spatially restricted transcriptional patterns that lead to different classes of interneurons in the adult cerebral cortex. Our findings suggest that shortly after the interneurons become postmitotic, their diversity is already patent in their diverse transcriptional programs, which subsequently guide further differentiation in the developing cortex.

中文翻译：

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小鼠胚胎中皮层中间神经元多样性的早期出现

成人多样性的胚胎暗示成人大脑包含数十种不同类型的中间神经元，它们控制和完善神经元回路。米等人。使用单细胞转录组学来研究这些亚型在小鼠中间神经元发育过程中何时出现。胚胎中间神经元的转录组显示出与分化中间神经元的成人类别相似，因此将未成熟的胚胎中间神经元本身分为几类。通过与已知类别的成体皮质中间神经元的转录组学相似性，可以在它们最后一次有丝分裂后不久识别出近十二类胚胎神经元。因此，胚胎中间神经元的命运可以在神经元迁移并到达其分化和电路整合的最终位点之前在它们的转录组中被读取。科学，这个问题 p。81 单细胞转录组学揭示了成人中间神经元类别的胚胎相关性。GABA 能中间神经元（GABA，γ-氨基丁酸）调节哺乳动物大脑皮层的神经回路活动。这些皮质中间神经元在结构和功能上是多种多样的。在这里，我们使用单细胞转录组学来研究小鼠这种多样性的起源。我们在神经节隆起（产生皮层中间神经元的胚胎增殖区域）中识别出不同类型的祖细胞和新生神经元。这些胚胎前体显示出时间和空间受限的转录模式，导致成人大脑皮层中不同类别的中间神经元。我们的研究结果表明，在中间神经元发生有丝分裂后不久，