Soil sealing for urban and infrastructure development constitutes the most intense form of land degradation and affects all ecosystem services. Researchers and policy makers have become aware of this fact and call for limiting development and compensating for new soil sealing with unsealing measures. In a literature review, we found that the state of research about the impacts of soil sealing is far more advanced than about the potential and prerequisites of unsealing. In practice, soil restoration after mining and construction activities as well as redevelopment or renaturation of abandoned industrial sites are increasingly important issues, but systematic research on the success of soil unsealing and restoration is rare. In particular, the development of soils and vegetation after unsealing and restoration measures as well as their potential to provide ecosystem services need more detailed investigation.

中文翻译：

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土壤密封和开封：最新技术和示例

用于城市和基础设施发展的土壤密封是土地退化的最主要形式，并影响所有生态系统服务。研究人员和政策制定者已经意识到了这一事实，并呼吁限制开发并通过开封措施补偿新的土壤封闭。在文献综述中，我们发现关于土壤封闭影响的研究状态远比关于开启密封的潜力和先决条件的研究状态要先进得多。在实践中，采矿和建筑活动后的土壤修复以及废弃工业场地的重新开发或复性已成为越来越重要的问题，但是对土壤启封和修复成功的系统研究很少。尤其是，