Previously, polysaccharides with hypoglycemic effects from G. frondosa were reported by us. To explore compounds against α-glucosidase and human tumor cells, three extractive fractions (GF-1–GF-3) were prepared from G. frondosa ethanol extraction (GF) by chromatographic column. Rather than GF-1 and GF-2, the fraction GF-3 demonstrated inhibitory actions against α-glucosidase and proliferation of human tumor cells dominantly. To identify the bioactive compounds in GF-3, one new compound named pyrrolefronine together with 19 known ones, which included seven pyrrole alkaloids, nine ergosterols and three others, were isolated and characterized from GF-3. Significantly, pyrrole alkaloids were found in G. frondosa for the first time, showing potent inhibition against α-glucosidase. Obtained ergosterols displayed inhibition against proliferation of tumor cells. This study provides a basis for further development and utilization of G. frondosa as natural nutraceuticals and functional food ingredients.

以前，我们曾报道过来自G. frondosa的具有降血糖作用的多糖。为了探索针对α-葡萄糖苷酶和人类肿瘤细胞的化合物，通过色谱柱从苦果乙醇提取物（GF）制备了三个提取级分（GF-1–GF-3）。GF-3级分而不是GF-1和GF-2，显示出对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用，并且主要抑制了人类肿瘤细胞的增殖。为了鉴定GF-3中的生物活性化合物，从GF-3中分离并鉴定了一种新的名为吡咯烷酮的化合物与19种已知化合物，其中包括7种吡咯生物碱，9种麦角固醇和另外3种。值得注意的是，在G. frondosa中发现了吡咯生物碱。首次显示出对α-葡萄糖苷酶的有效抑制作用。获得的麦角固醇显示出对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用。该研究为进一步开发和利用G. frondosa作为天然保健食品和功能性食品成分提供了基础。