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Alginate-aker injectable composite hydrogels promoted irregular bone regeneration through stem cell recruitment and osteogenic differentiation
Journal of Materials Chemistry B ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-02-21 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7tb03315j
Xiangkai Zhang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Yanlun Zhu 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 , Lingyan Cao 5, 10, 11, 12, 13 , Xiao Wang 5, 10, 11, 12, 13 , Ao Zheng 5, 10, 11, 12, 13 , Jiang Chang 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 , Jiannan Wu 5, 10, 11, 12, 13 , Jin Wen 5, 10, 11, 12, 13 , Xinquan Jiang 5, 10, 11, 12, 13 , Haiyan Li 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 , Zhiyuan Zhang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Affiliation  

Recent studies have unveiled the unique osteogenesis and angiogenesis abilities of akermanite. However, such bioceramics rarely fit well into irregularly shaped bony cavities (such as bone defects and the maxillary sinus). In this study, an injectable hydrogel SAG system containing sodium alginate, akermanite and glutamate was prepared and evaluated in such defects. Cell proliferation experiments showed that except for stoste, the other extracts showed no cytotoxicity at various concentrations. In addition, the gene expression of Runx2 (runt-related transcription factor-2), BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), and BSP (bone sialoprotein) and the activity of ALP were significantly higher in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) cultured with 1/2 hydrogel extracts containing 66.9 ppm calcium ions, 23.8 ppm magnesium ions and 33.5 ppm silicon ions compared to those in hBMSCs cultured with the control medium, which indicated that the hydrogel extracts could stimulate the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Further experiments revealed that the ERK signaling pathway was engaged in osteogenic differentiation as early as 15 minutes after incubation with the hydrogel extracts. In addition, hBMSCs incubated in half-diluted extracts exhibited an almost doubled migration ability compared with the hBMSCs in the control group. More specifically, compared to the control group, hBMSCs cultured with 1/2 hydrogel extracts showed a 7% increase and a 10-fold increase in the protein and gene levels of CXCR4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4), respectively. In vivo tests demonstrated that the bone formation rate of SAG hydrogels injected alone was similar to that of its counterpart seeded with BMSCs, reaching 24% at three months after operation. Therefore, it could be concluded that SAG hydrogels contribute to bone regeneration by not only promoting osteogenic differentiation but also by enhancing the recruitment of BMSCs to defect sites, making the injectable SAG hydrogels competent for the regeneration of irregular bony cavities.

中文翻译:

海藻酸钠可注射的复合水凝胶通过干细胞募集和成骨分化促进了不规则的骨再生

最近的研究揭示了钙钛矿独特的成骨和血管生成能力。但是,这种生物陶瓷很少能很好地适应不规则形状的骨腔(例如骨缺损和上颌窦)。在这项研究中,制备了包含海藻酸钠,钙钛矿和谷氨酸的可注射水凝胶SAG系统,并评估了此类缺陷。细胞增殖实验表明,除stoste外,其他提取物在各种浓度下均无细胞毒性。此外,Runx2(矮小相关转录因子2),BMP-2(骨形态发生蛋白2),ALP(碱性磷酸酶)和BSP(骨唾液酸蛋白)的基因表达和ALP活性显着升高。用含有66.9 ppm钙离子的1/2水凝胶提取物培养的人类骨髓基质细胞(hBMSC),23。与用对照培养基培养的hBMSC相比,镁离子为8 ppm,硅离子为33.5 ppm,这表明水凝胶提取物可以刺激hBMSC的成骨分化。进一步的实验表明,ERK信号通路最早在与水凝胶提取物孵育后15分钟就参与了成骨分化。另外,与对照组中的hBMSC相比,在半稀释提取物中孵育的hBMSC显示出几乎两倍的迁移能力。更具体地说,与对照组相比,用1/2水凝胶提取物培养的hBMSCs的CXCR4(4型CXC趋化因子受体)的蛋白质和基因水平分别提高了7%和10倍。这表明水凝胶提取物可以刺激人骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化。进一步的实验表明,ERK信号通路最早在与水凝胶提取物孵育后15分钟就参与了成骨分化。另外,与对照组中的hBMSC相比,在半稀释提取物中孵育的hBMSC显示出几乎两倍的迁移能力。更具体地说,与对照组相比,用1/2水凝胶提取物培养的hBMSCs的CXCR4(4型CXC趋化因子受体)的蛋白质和基因水平分别提高了7%和10倍。这表明水凝胶提取物可以刺激人骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化。进一步的实验表明,ERK信号通路最早在与水凝胶提取物孵育后15分钟就参与了成骨分化。另外,与对照组中的hBMSC相比,在半稀释提取物中孵育的hBMSC显示出几乎两倍的迁移能力。更具体地说,与对照组相比,用1/2水凝胶提取物培养的hBMSCs的CXCR4(4型CXC趋化因子受体)的蛋白质和基因水平分别提高了7%和10倍。进一步的实验表明,ERK信号通路最早在与水凝胶提取物孵育后15分钟就参与了成骨分化。另外,与对照组中的hBMSC相比,在半稀释提取物中孵育的hBMSC显示出几乎两倍的迁移能力。更具体地说,与对照组相比,用1/2水凝胶提取物培养的hBMSCs的CXCR4(4型CXC趋化因子受体)的蛋白质和基因水平分别提高了7%和10倍。进一步的实验表明,ERK信号通路最早在与水凝胶提取物孵育后15分钟就参与了成骨分化。另外,与对照组中的hBMSC相比,在半稀释提取物中孵育的hBMSC显示出几乎两倍的迁移能力。更具体地说,与对照组相比,用1/2水凝胶提取物培养的hBMSCs的CXCR4(4型CXC趋化因子受体)的蛋白质和基因水平分别提高了7%和10倍。体内试验表明,单独注射的SAG水凝胶的骨形成率与接种BMSC的对应物相似,在术后三个月达到24%。因此,可以得出结论,SAG水凝胶不仅通过促进成骨分化而且还通过增强BMSC向缺损部位的募集来促进骨再生,从而使可注射的SAG水凝胶能够胜任不规则骨腔的再生。
更新日期:2018-02-21
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