Abstract Porous titanium (Ti) implants have been used in orthopedic and dental applications because of their superior mechanical properties. Sufficient pore interconnectivity is required for effective bone regeneration and growth inside the Ti scaffold pore structure. We proposed post-treatment with HF/HNO3 to efficiently modify the internal pore structure of a Ti scaffold and achieve controllable mechanical properties with a pore neck structure. The porosity, pore size, wall thickness, and pore neck size were easily controlled by varying the acid treatment time, which produced a Ti scaffold with mechanical properties that were suitable for bone tissue engineering. As the mixed acid treatment time increased, internal isolated pores were gradually interconnected with adjacent pores. After 10 min of treatment, nearly all the pores were interconnected. The post-treatment with HF/HNO3 also affected the surface properties. Surface carbon contaminants were significantly reduced after treatment with no hydride formation. Micron-scale surface roughness was uniformly generated across the whole surface. The actual cell penetrability of the Ti scaffold was evaluated using a perfusion-based in vitro cell test. Over 90% of the surface pores depict cell penetrability with a sufficient number of cells attached to the wall surface of the pore after performing acid treatment for 12 min.

中文翻译：

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HF/HNO 3 处理对钛（Ti）支架多孔结构和细胞渗透性的影响

摘要 多孔钛 (Ti) 植入物因其优异的机械性能而被用于骨科和牙科应用。Ti 支架孔结构内的有效骨再生和生长需要足够的孔互连。我们建议用 HF/HNO3 进行后处理，以有效地改变 Ti 支架的内部孔结构，并通过孔颈结构实现可控的机械性能。通过改变酸处理时间可以轻松控制孔隙率、孔径、壁厚和孔颈大小，从而产生具有适用于骨组织工程的机械性能的 Ti 支架。随着混酸处理时间的增加，内部孤立的孔隙逐渐与相邻的孔隙相连。治疗10分钟后，几乎所有的孔隙都是相互连接的。用 HF/HNO3 进行后处理也影响了表面特性。处理后表面碳污染物显着减少，没有形成氢化物。在整个表面上均匀地产生微米级的表面粗糙度。使用基于灌注的体外细胞测试评估 Ti 支架的实际细胞渗透性。超过 90% 的表面孔隙描述了细胞渗透性, 在进行酸处理 12 分钟后, 有足够数量的细胞附着在孔隙壁表面。使用基于灌注的体外细胞测试评估 Ti 支架的实际细胞渗透性。超过 90% 的表面孔隙描述了细胞渗透性, 在进行酸处理 12 分钟后, 有足够数量的细胞附着在孔隙壁表面。使用基于灌注的体外细胞测试评估 Ti 支架的实际细胞渗透性。超过 90% 的表面孔隙描述了细胞渗透性, 在进行酸处理 12 分钟后, 有足够数量的细胞附着在孔隙壁表面。