In this work, we reported a facile one-step method for fabricating hierarchically porous carbon/graphene composites, which exhibited superior electrochemical performance in supercapacitor as electrode. The preparation was processed in a KCl molten salt at a temperature range of 650–950 °C using soluble low-molecular-weight phenolic resol as carbon source. The structural and morphological characterizations showed that composites possessed a special 3D structure, which consisted of well-dispersive porous carbon particles growing chemically on the graphene sheets. The carbon particles served as spacers to block the aggregation of graphene sheets. This unique structure benefited the penetration/mobility of ions within the composites due to high surface area, abundant micropores/mesopores/macropores, high conductivity of graphene, and strong chemical interaction between porous carbon particles and graphene. The optimal sample offered an outstanding capacitive behavior in the two-electrode and three-electrode system including higher specific capacitance, better rate capability and more stable cycling performance after 5000 cycles. This study opens up a new strategy for developing graphene based electrode material in supercapacitor.

在这项工作中，我们报告了一种用于制造分层多孔碳/石墨烯复合物的简便的单步方法，该方法在超级电容器作为电极中表现出优异的电化学性能。使用可溶性低分子量酚醛甲阶酚醛树脂作为碳源，在650–950°C的温度范围内的KCl熔融盐中处理制剂。结构和形态特征表明，复合材料具有特殊的3D结构，该结构由化学分散在石墨烯片上的均匀分散的多孔碳颗粒组成。碳颗粒用作间隔物以阻止石墨烯片的聚集。由于高表面积，丰富的微孔/中孔/大孔，石墨烯的高电导率，这种独特的结构有利于离子在复合物中的渗透/迁移。以及多孔碳颗粒与石墨烯之间的强化学相互作用。最佳样品在两电极和三电极系统中提供了出色的电容性能，包括更高的比电容，更好的倍率能力和经过5000次循环后更稳定的循环性能。这项研究为开发超级电容器中基于石墨烯的电极材料开辟了新的策略。