Land provides a range of critical services for humanity (including the provision of food, water and energy). It also provides many services that are often socially valuable but may not have a market value. Demand projections for land-based services, accounting for the significant requirement for negative emissions needed to meet a 1.5 °C pathway, may exceed what can be sustainably supplied. It is therefore critical to explore how to optimise land use (and if necessary, limit demand), so societies can continue to benefit from all services into the future. Unlike the energy or the transport sectors, however, there is limited understanding or consensus over what ‘optimal’ land use might look like (from a science perspective), or how to bring it about (from a governance perspective).

土地为人类提供了一系列关键服务（包括提供食物，水和能源）。它还提供许多服务，这些服务通常具有社会价值，但可能没有市场价值。陆上服务的需求预测，考虑到满足1.5°C路径所需的负排放量的重大要求，可能会超过可持续提供的数量。因此，探索如何优化土地利用（必要时限制需求）至关重要，这样社会才能在未来继续受益于所有服务。但是，与能源或交通运输业不同，对于（从科学的角度来看）“最佳”土地用途或如何实现（从治理的角度来看）的认识或共识有限。