Host-parasite relationships are complex, and in wild animal populations individuals are commonly co-infected with various parasite species or intraspecific strains. While it is widely recognised that polyparasitism has the potential to reduce host fitness and increase susceptibility to predation or disease, the role of polyparasitism in influencing translocation success has never been investigated. Here we review the consequences of translocation for the host-parasite infracommunity and demonstrate how translocation-induced perturbations to within-host-parasite relationships may exacerbate the negative impacts of polyparasitism to the detriment of host health and translocation success. We also consider the ecological and immunological effects of altering host-parasite assemblages during translocation, and illustrate how the use of anti-parasitic drugs can further modify parasite infracommunity dynamics, with unintended impacts on target and non-target parasites. Importantly, as the evolutionary and ecological significance of the host-parasite relationship is increasingly recognised, we discuss the benefits of conserving parasites during fauna translocations.

中文翻译：

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动物群易位期间改变宿主与寄生虫关系的隐藏后果

宿主与寄生虫的关系很复杂，在野生动物群体中，个体通常同时感染各种寄生虫物种或种内菌株。虽然人们普遍认为多寄生有可能降低宿主的适应性并增加对捕食或疾病的易感性，但多寄生在影响易位成功方面的作用从未被研究过。在这里，我们回顾了易位对宿主-寄生虫群落下的后果，并证明了易位引起的对宿主-寄生虫内部关系的扰动如何可能加剧多寄生的负面影响，从而损害宿主健康和易位成功。我们还考虑了易位过程中改变宿主-寄生虫组合的生态和免疫学影响，并说明了抗寄生虫药物的使用如何可以进一步改变寄生虫群落下的动态，从而对目标和非目标寄生虫产生意想不到的影响。重要的是，随着宿主与寄生虫关系的进化和生态意义日益得到认识，我们讨论了动物群易位期间保护寄生虫的好处。