Abstract Sustainable hydrogen production via photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and synergetic photoelectrocatalytic processes has been regarded as an effective strategy to address both energy and environmental crises. Due to their unique structures and properties, emerging ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) materials can bring about promising opportunities to realize high-efficiency hydrogen evolution. This review presents a critical appraisal of advantages and advancements for ultrathin 2D materials in catalytic hydrogen evolution, with an emphasis on structure–activity relationship. Furthermore, strategies for tailoring the microstructure, electronic structure, and local atomic arrangement, so as to further boost the hydrogen evolution activity, are discussed. Finally, we also present the existing challenges and future research directions regarding this promising field.

中文翻译：

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用于光催化和电催化析氢的超薄二维材料

摘要 通过光催化、电催化和协同光电催化过程可持续制氢已被视为解决能源和环境危机的有效策略。由于其独特的结构和性能，新兴的超薄二维 (2D) 材料可以为实现高效析氢带来有希望的机会。这篇综述对超薄二维材料在催化析氢方面的优势和进步进行了批判性评价，重点是构效关系。此外，讨论了调整微观结构、电子结构和局部原子排列的策略，以进一步提高析氢活性。最后，