Shale gas has been denoted as one of alternative energy sources for meeting future energy demands and received global attention, especially with aid of technological advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. This study focuses specially on synergistic optimization of the Marcellus shale-gas-water supply chains with consideration of economics and pollutants mitigation through a mixed-integer bi-level programming model. This model could account for conflicting objectives and interactions between different stakeholders. Operational decisions regarding well drilling schedule, production planning, freshwater withdrawals, wastewater disposal and infrastructure expansion would be provided for both leader and follower in a sequential manner. Moreover, comparative analyses among the bi-level model and the two single-level models disclose that the bi-level decisions would increase nearly 8.6% of shale gas production, 12.3% of economic benefits, 8.0% of water consumption, as well as 4.5% of pollutants discharge as compared with the environmentally-aggressive policies. By contrary, the bi-level decisions would lead to 8.5% decrease of shale gas production, 6.1% decrease of economic benefits, 7.3% decrease of water usage, and 6.0% decrease of pollutants discharge when compared with the economically-aggressive solutions. These findings could assist the stakeholders in resolving of conflicts among pollutants reduction, economic performance, and water supply security.

页岩气被认为是满足未来能源需求的替代能源之一，受到了全球的关注，尤其是借助水平钻井和水力压裂技术的进步。这项研究的重点是通过混合整数双层规划模型，在考虑经济和减少污染物的情况下，对马塞勒斯页岩气-水供应链的协同优化。该模型可以说明目标冲突以及不同利益相关者之间的相互作用。有关钻井和钻井计划，生产计划，淡水抽取，废水处理和基础设施扩建的运营决策将按顺序提供给领导者和跟随者。而且，双层模型和两个单层模型之间的比较分析表明，双层决策将增加页岩气产量的近8.6％，经济效益的12.3％，水消耗的8.0％以及页岩气产量的4.5％。与环境侵略性政策相比，污染物排放有所增加。相反，与经济激进的解决方案相比，双级决策将导致页岩气产量减少8.5％，经济效益减少6.1％，用水减少7.3％，污染物排放减少6.0％。这些发现可以帮助利益相关者解决污染物减少，经济绩效和供水安全之间的冲突。与环保政策相比，排放的污染物占4.5％。相反，与经济激进的解决方案相比，双级决策将导致页岩气产量减少8.5％，经济效益减少6.1％，用水减少7.3％，污染物排放减少6.0％。这些发现可以帮助利益相关者解决污染物减少，经济绩效和供水安全之间的冲突。与环保政策相比，排放的污染物占4.5％。相反，与经济激进的解决方案相比，双级决策将导致页岩气产量减少8.5％，经济效益减少6.1％，用水减少7.3％，污染物排放减少6.0％。这些发现可以帮助利益相关者解决污染物减少，经济绩效和供水安全之间的冲突。