Abstract The effects of exposure to exogenous elements on human health have attracted particular attention. Quantification knowledge of zirconium (Zr) is rather valuable for comprehensive assessments of the biological reactions triggered by a long term presence of the widely used Zr-contained biomedical devices such as prostheses, implants and orthodontic materials. Herein, we reported the first example of the application of cloud point extraction (CPE) couple with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for enrichment and quantification of trace Zr in complex biological samples. The phase separation of CPE was handy without traditional operation like centrifugation and careful pipetting, facilitating high-throughput analysis. Good anti-interference ability against other interference metal ions and outstanding sensitivity with the low detection limit of 0.055 ng·mL−1 were achieved. The satisfactory intra-day and inter-day precisions for low, middle, high concentration levels of Zr were 1.7%–4.2% and 2.0%–6.1%, with the corresponding relative error of 0.1%–7.2% and 0.2%–2.8%, respectively. For practical application, this simple, sensitive and reliable method was applied for enrichment and analysis of trace Zr in rat livers, kidneys and urine. Consequently, trace Zr could be actually detected. Good recoveries of the samples were obtained in the range of 91.0%–118% with the corresponding RSDs (n = 3) of 2.4%–10%.

中文翻译：

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方便的浊点提取与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用，用于分析复杂生物样品中的痕量锆

摘要 暴露于外源性元素对人体健康的影响已引起特别关注。锆 (Zr) 的量化知识对于全面评估由广泛使用的含锆生物医学设备（如假肢、植入物和正畸材料）长期存在引发的生物反应非常有价值。在此，我们报道了第一个应用浊点提取 (CPE) 与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用对复杂生物样品中痕量 Zr 进行富集和定量的例子。CPE的相分离非常方便，无需离心和小心移液等传统操作，有助于高通量分析。对其他干扰金属离子具有良好的抗干扰能力和出色的灵敏度，检测限低至0.055 ng·mL-1。Zr低、中、高浓度水平令人满意的日内和日间精密度分别为1.7%–4.2%和2.0%–6.1%，相应的相对误差为0.1%–7.2%和0.2%–2.8% ， 分别。在实际应用中，这种简单、灵敏且可靠的方法被用于富集和分析大鼠肝脏、肾脏和尿液中的痕量 Zr。因此，实际上可以检测到痕量 Zr。样品的良好回收率为 91.0%–118%，相应的 RSD (n = 3) 为 2.4%–10%。0%–6.1%，相应的相对误差分别为0.1%–7.2%和0.2%–2.8%。在实际应用中，这种简单、灵敏且可靠的方法已用于富集和分析大鼠肝脏、肾脏和尿液中的痕量 Zr。因此，实际上可以检测到痕量 Zr。样品的良好回收率为 91.0%–118%，相应的 RSD (n = 3) 为 2.4%–10%。0%–6.1%，相应的相对误差分别为0.1%–7.2%和0.2%–2.8%。在实际应用中，这种简单、灵敏且可靠的方法被用于富集和分析大鼠肝脏、肾脏和尿液中的痕量 Zr。因此，实际上可以检测到痕量 Zr。样品的良好回收率为 91.0%–118%，相应的 RSD (n = 3) 为 2.4%–10%。