Disposable non-invasive and compatible real time monitoring tool was developed in order to follow the cleaning process of paper artwork directly in situ. This tool was based on a biocompatible cleaning hydrogel coupled with flow electrochemical diagnostic tool, suitable to verify in situ and in a simple way the assessment of degradation of artwork and the efficiency of cleaning process. In this paper, the results obtained by applying this tool on a great format artwork with a lining as support, “Le Nozze di Psiche”, engraved by Diana Scultori, printed in 1613, are reported. This opera was affected by a structural and chromatic deterioration due to a strong oxidative degradation. Such deterioration was probably accelerated by the adhesive (a mixture of starch paste and animal glue) used in a previous lining intervention. In this case, the cleaning agents used are rigid hydrogels of Gellan gum, modified with hydrolytic enzymes. By using the flow sampling system, all materials removed by the gel was carried up to a thin layer cell containing a selective electrochemical biosensors, suitable to monitor both treatments, the cleaning process and the removal of lining. These were monitored, allowing understanding when both processes were completed, thus avoiding lengthy and unnecessary cleaning applications. The effectiveness of cleaning with Gellan gel was assessed quantitatively by using non-invasive optical reflectance spectroscopy by a portable instrumentation, elaborating data with an improved version of the Kubelka-Munk theory in order to recover the absorption coefficient of the cellulose fibers of “Le Nozze di Psiche”. The concentration of oxidized groups acting as chromophores was obtained by comparing the experimental optical absorption spectra to those simulated computationally by using TDDFT-based calculations. By following the cleaning with Gellan gel the results indicate a large decrease of the concentration of degradation product of cellulose. Moreover, chromatographic analysis were carried out in order to evaluate the amount of acid compound, produced during the aging and present on the graphic artwork, using the Gellan gel after cleaning step. The results obtained from the restoration of “Le Nozze di Psiche” have allowed the restorers to evaluate innovative methods for cleaning treatment of paper artworks with a highly specialized scientific-diagnostic approach

中文翻译：

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开发用于清洁图形艺术品的一次性实时监控工具的跨学科方法。申请“le Nozze di Psiche”

开发了一次性无创且兼容的实时监控工具，以便直接原位跟踪纸艺术品的清洁过程。该工具基于生物相容性清洁水凝胶和流动电化学诊断工具，适用于原位和简单的方式验证艺术品降解的评估和清洁过程的效率。在本文中，报告了将该工具应用于以衬里为支撑的大格式艺术品“Le Nozze di Psiche”（由 Diana Scultori 雕刻，印刷于 1613 年）所获得的结果。由于强烈的氧化降解，这部歌剧受到了结构和色彩劣化的影响。之前的衬里干预中使用的粘合剂（淀粉糊和动物胶的混合物）可能加速了这种恶化。在这种情况下，使用的清洁剂是结冷胶的刚性水凝胶，经水解酶改性。通过使用流动取样系统，凝胶去除的所有材料都被带到一个薄层细胞中，该细胞含有选择性电化学生物传感器，适用于监测两种处理、清洁过程和衬里的去除。这些都受到监控，以便了解两个过程何时完成，从而避免冗长和不必要的清洁应用。通过便携式仪器使用非侵入性光学反射光谱法定量评估结冷胶清洁的有效性，使用改进版的 Kubelka-Munk 理论详细阐述数据，以恢复“Le Nozze”纤维素纤维的吸收系数di Psiche”。作为生色团的氧化基团的浓度是通过将实验光吸收光谱与使用基于 TDDFT 的计算模拟的那些光谱进行比较来获得的。通过用结冷胶清洁，结果表明纤维素降解产物的浓度大大降低。此外，使用清洁步骤后的结冷胶进行色谱分析以评估在老化过程中产生并存在于图形艺术品上的酸化合物的量。从“Le Nozze di Psiche”修复中获得的结果使修复人员能够以高度专业化的科学诊断方法评估用于清洁处理纸质艺术品的创新方法