Truly stretchable electronics, wherein all components themselves permit elastic deformation as the whole devices are stretched, exhibit unique advantages over other strategies, such as simple fabrication process, high integrity of entire components and intimate integration with curvilinear surfaces. In contrast to the stretchable devices using stretchable interconnectors to integrate with rigid active devices, truly stretchable devices are realized with or without intentionally employing structural engineering (e.g. buckling), and the whole device can be bent, twisted, or stretched to meet the demands for practical applications, which are beyond the capability of conventional flexible devices that can only bend or twist. Recently, great achievements have been made toward truly stretchable electronics. Here, the contribution of this review is an effort to provide a panoramic view of the latest progress concerning truly stretchable electronic devices, of which we give special emphasis to three kinds of thin film electronic and optoelectronic devices: (1) thin film transistors, (2) electroluminescent devices (including organic light-emitting diodes, light-emitting electrochemical cells and perovskite light-emitting diodes), and (3) photovoltaics (including organic photovoltaics and perovskite solar cells). We systematically discuss the device design and fabrication strategies, the origin of device stretchability and the relationship between the electrical and mechanical behaviors of the devices. We hope that this review provides a clear outlook of these attractive stretchable devices for a broad range of scientists and attracts more researchers to devote their time to this interesting research field in both industry and academia, thus encouraging more intelligent lifestyles for human beings in the coming future.

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真正可拉伸的薄膜电子和光电设备的最新发展

真正可拉伸的电子产品，其中所有组件本身都允许在拉伸整个设备时发生弹性变形，与其他策略相比，具有独特的优势，例如简单的制造过程，整个组件的高度完整性以及与曲面的紧密结合。与使用可拉伸互连器与刚性有源设备集成在一起的可拉伸设备相反，无论是否有意采用结构工程（例如，屈曲），整个设备可以弯曲，扭曲或拉伸以满足实际应用的需求，这超出了传统的只能弯曲或扭曲的柔性设备的能力。最近，在真正可拉伸的电子设备方面已经取得了巨大的成就。在这里，本次审查的目的是提供有关真正可拉伸电子设备的最新进展的全景视图，其中，我们特别强调三种薄膜电子和光电设备：（1）薄膜晶体管，（ 2）电致发光器件（包括有机发光二极管，发光电化学电池和钙钛矿发光二极管），以及（3）光伏（包括有机光伏和钙钛矿太阳能电池）。我们系统地讨论了器件的设计和制造策略，器件可拉伸性的起源以及器件的电气和机械行为之间的关系。我们希望这篇评论为广大科学家提供这些有吸引力的可拉伸设备的清晰前景，并吸引更多的研究人员将时间投入到行业和学术界这个有趣的研究领域，从而鼓励人们在未来发展更智能的生活方式未来。