Several new glucose-lowering medications have been approved, such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. Among GLP-1RAs, lixisenatide, a short-acting drug, did not show cardiovascular (CV) benefits in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and acute coronary syndrome. Extended-release exenatide was also not significantly better for CV outcomes. By contrast, once daily liraglutide and once weekly semaglutide, both long-acting GLP-1RAs, decreased the incidence of major adverse CV events and mortality. This Review attempts to explain favorable CV results with some, but not all, GLP-1RAs, to aid in their differential prescription with the aim of further reducing the adverse CV burden of T2D.

中文翻译：

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胰高血糖素样肽 1 受体激动剂和心血管事件：类别效应与个体模式

已经批准了几种新的降糖药物，例如二肽基肽酶 4 抑制剂、胰高血糖素样肽 1 受体激动剂 (GLP-1RA) 和钠葡萄糖协同转运蛋白 2 抑制剂。在 GLP-1RA 中，利西拉来是一种短效药物，在 2 型糖尿病 (T2D) 和急性冠状动脉综合征患者中没有显示心血管 (CV) 益处。缓释艾塞那肽对 CV 结果也没有显着改善。相比之下，长效 GLP-1RA 每日一次利拉鲁肽和每周一次索美鲁肽可降低主要不良心血管事件的发生率和死亡率。本综述试图用一些（但不是全部）GLP-1RA 来解释有利的 CV 结果，以帮助他们区分处方，目的是进一步减少 T2D 的不利 CV 负担。