Several extraction and chromatographic methods were evaluated to identify optimum conditions for arsenic speciation analysis in seafood and seaweed. The extraction systems, which include aqueous, aqueous-organic, acidic, basic, and enzymatic solutions, were examined for their efficiency in extracting arsenic from finfish, crustaceans, molluscs, and seaweed keeping the chemical forms of the native arsenicals intact. While dilute solutions of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) extract high fractions of arsenic from most of the matrices, the extractants oxidized arsenite (As³⁺) to arsenate (As⁵⁺) and converted some arsenosugars and non-polar arsenicals to known and/or unknown forms. Hot water (90 °C) effectively maintained the integrity of the native arsenic species and enabled analysis of the extracts with no further manipulation than filtration and dilution. Stepwise extraction of water-soluble and non-polar arsenic with hot water and a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol, respectively, resulted in sufficiently quantitative (> 75%) arsenic extraction from seafood and seaweed. Anion and cation exchange chromatographic methods were optimized for separation and quantitation of the arsenicals extracted into hot water. The non-polar arsenicals were collectively determined after digesting the extract in acid. The application of the optimum extraction and chromatographic conditions was demonstrated by analyzing certified reference materials of tuna fish tissue (BCR 627), lobster hepatopancreas (TORT-2) and oyster tissue (SRM 1566b), and a sample of hijiki seaweed. For all the matrices, good agreement (80–92%) was found between the total water-soluble arsenic and the sum of the concentrations of the chromatographed species. Limits of quantification (LOQ) were in the range 4–11 ng g⁻¹ for 16 arsenicals.

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海鲜和海藻中砷的形态分析：第一部分：方法的评估和优化

对几种提取和色谱方法进行了评估，以确定海鲜和海藻中砷形态分析的最佳条件。检查了萃取系统（包括水溶液，有机水溶液，酸性，碱性和酶溶液）在从有鳍鱼类，甲壳类动物，软体动物和海藻中萃取砷的效率，并保持了天然砷化物的化学形式完整。硝酸，盐酸和四甲基氢氧化铵（TMAH）的稀溶液可从大多数基质中提取高含量的砷，而萃取剂则将亚砷酸盐（As ³⁺）氧化为砷（As ⁵⁺），并将一些砷糖和非极性砷化物转化为已知和/或未知形式。热水（90°C）有效地保持了天然砷物种的完整性，并且无需进行过滤和稀释即可对其进行分析，而无需进行其他操作。分别用热水和二氯甲烷和甲醇的混合物逐步萃取水溶性和非极性砷，可以从海鲜和海藻中充分定量地提取砷（> 75％）。对阴离子和阳离子交换色谱法进行了优化，以分离和定量提取到热水中的砷。在酸中消化提取物后，共同测定非极性砷。通过分析认证的金枪鱼鱼组织（BCR 627），龙虾肝胰腺（TORT-2）和牡蛎组织（SRM 1566b）以及hijiki海藻样品的参考材料，证明了最佳提取和色谱条件的应用。对于所有基质，总水溶性砷与色谱物质浓度的总和之间发现有很好的一致性（80-92％）。定量限（LOQ）在4-11 ng g范围内^-1（代表16种砷）。