Intestinal helminths have well-characterized modulatory effects on mammalian immune pathways. Ongoing helminth infection has been associated with both the suppression of allergies and an altered susceptibility to microbial infections. Enteric helminths share a niche with the intestinal microbiota, and the presence of helminths alters the microbiota composition and the metabolic signature of the host. Recent studies have demonstrated that the helminth-modified intestinal microbiome has the capacity to modify host immune responses even in the absence of live helminth infection. This article discusses the mechanisms by which helminths modify the intestinal microbiome of mammals, and reviews the evidence for a helminth-modified microbiome directly influencing host immunity during infectious and inflammatory diseases. Understanding the multifaceted mechanisms that underpin helminth immunomodulation will pave the way for novel therapies to combat infectious and inflammatory diseases.

中文翻译：

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蠕虫修饰的微生物组对宿主免疫力的影响。

肠道蠕虫对哺乳动物免疫通路具有充分表征的调节作用。持续的蠕虫感染与抑制过敏和改变对微生物感染的易感性有关。肠道蠕虫与肠道微生物群共享一个生态位，蠕虫的存在改变了宿主的微生物群组成和代谢特征。最近的研究表明，即使在没有活的蠕虫感染的情况下，蠕虫修饰的肠道微生物组也有能力改变宿主的免疫反应。本文讨论了蠕虫改变哺乳动物肠道微生物组的机制，并回顾了感染性和炎症性疾病期间蠕虫修饰的微生物组直接影响宿主免疫力的证据。