There are many examples of bioactive proteins and peptides that would benefit from oral delivery through functional foods, supplements, or medical foods, including hormones, enzymes, antimicrobials, vaccines, and ACE inhibitors. However, many of these bioactive proteins are highly susceptible to denaturation, aggregation or hydrolysis within commercial products or inside the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Moreover, many bioactive proteins have poor absorption characteristics within the GIT. Colloidal systems, which contain nanoparticles or microparticles, can be designed to encapsulate, retain, protect, and deliver bioactive proteins. For instance, a bioactive protein may have to remain encapsulated and stable during storage and passage through the mouth and stomach, but then be released within the small intestine where it can be absorbed. This article reviews the application of food-grade colloidal systems for oral delivery of bioactive proteins, including microemulsions, emulsions, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, multiple emulsions, liposomes, and microgels. It also provides a critical assessment of the characteristics of colloidal particles that impact the effectiveness of protein delivery systems, such as particle composition, size, permeability, interfacial properties, and stability. This information should be useful for the rational design of medical foods, functional foods, and supplements for effective oral delivery of bioactive proteins.

有许多生物活性蛋白质和肽的实例将从通过功能性食品，补品或医疗食品（包括激素，酶，抗微生物剂，疫苗和ACE抑制剂）的口服给药中受益。但是，许多这些生物活性蛋白在商品或人胃肠道（GIT）内高度易变性，聚集或水解。而且，许多生物活性蛋白在GIT内的吸收特性很差。包含纳米粒子或微粒的胶体系统可以设计为封装，保留，保护和传递生物活性蛋白质。例如，生物活性蛋白在储存和通过口和胃的过程中可能必须保持包裹状态并保持稳定，然后在小肠内释放并可以被吸收。本文概述了食品级胶体系统在口服递送生物活性蛋白（包括微乳剂，乳剂，纳米乳剂，固体脂质纳米颗粒，多种乳剂，脂质体和微凝胶）中的应用。它还提供了对影响蛋白质递送系统有效性的胶体颗粒特征的关键评估，例如颗粒组成，大小，渗透性，界面特性和稳定性。该信息对于合理设计医疗食品，功能食品和有效口服生物活性蛋白的补充剂应是有用的。它还提供了对影响蛋白质递送系统有效性的胶体颗粒特征的关键评估，例如颗粒组成，大小，渗透性，界面特性和稳定性。该信息对于合理设计医疗食品，功能食品和有效口服生物活性蛋白的补充剂应是有用的。它还提供了对影响蛋白质递送系统有效性的胶体颗粒特征的关键评估，例如颗粒组成，大小，渗透性，界面特性和稳定性。该信息对于合理设计医疗食品，功能食品和有效口服生物活性蛋白的补充剂应是有用的。