Arabian Heavy crude oil was fractionated into distillate and vacuum residue fractions. The vacuum residue fraction was treated with supercritical water (SCW) at 450°C in a batch reactor for 15–90 min. The main products were gas, coke, and upgraded vacuum residue; the upgraded residue consisted of gasoline, diesel, and vacuum gas oil range components. The molecular composition of gas and upgraded vacuum residue was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC, GC × GC). SCW treatment converted higher carbon number aliphatics (≥C₂₁) and long‐chain (≥C₅) alkyl aromatic compounds into C₁C₂₀ aliphatics, C₁C₁₀ alkylaromatics, and multiringed species. The concentrations of gasoline and diesel range compounds were greater in the upgraded product, compared to the feed. A first‐order, five lump reaction network was developed to fit the yields of gas, coke, diesel, and gasoline range components obtained from SCW upgrading of vacuum residue. Distillation of crude oil followed by SCW treatment of the heavy fraction approximately doubled the yield of chemicals, gasoline, and diesel, while forming significantly less coke than conventional upgrading methods. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1732–1743, 2018

中文翻译：

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超临界水中真空残渣提质的实验与模型研究

将阿拉伯重质原油分馏成馏出物和减压渣油馏分。真空残余物馏分在间歇反应器中于450°C用超临界水（SCW）处理15–90分钟。主要产品为天然气，焦炭和提纯的减压渣油；升级后的残渣由汽油，柴油和真空瓦斯油组成。使用气相色谱（GC，GC×GC）分析气体和提纯的真空残留物的分子组成。SCW处理转变较高碳数的脂族化合物（≥C ₂₁）和长链（≥C ₅）烷基芳族化合物为C ₁  Ç ₂₀脂族基，C ₁  Ç ₁₀烷基芳烃和多环物种。与进料相比，升级产品中汽油和柴油系列化合物的浓度更高。开发了一个一级，五个团块反应网络，以适应从SCW提纯减压渣油中获得的天然气，焦炭，柴油和汽油炉范围组件的产量。蒸馏原油，然后对重质馏分进行SCW处理，化学药品，汽油和柴油的收率大约翻了一番，同时形成的焦炭比常规提质方法要少得多。©2018美国化学工程师学会AIChE J，64：1732–1743，2018