Abstract We describe the fabrication and characterization of Near-Field Communication (NFC) devices based on highly flexible, carbon-based antennas composed of stacked graphene multilayers. This material features a high value of conductivity (4.20 * 10 5 S/m) comparable to monocrystalline graphite, but is much more flexible and processable. We first studied the replacement of metal with carbon antennas using computer modeling, to select the best design. Then we manufactured several devices to be used according to the communication protocol ISO/IEC 15693. The inductance of the G-paper antennas was tested before and after hundreds of thousands of bending cycles at bending radii of 45 and 90 mm. During bending the self-resonance frequency and inductance peak showed minimal variation and the resistance at 1 MHz changed from 33.09 Ω to 34.18 Ω, outperforming standard, commercial metallic antennas. The devices were successfully tested by exchanging data with a smartphone and other commercial NFC readers, matching the performance of standard, commercial metallic antennas. The graphene antennas could be deposited on different standard polymeric substrates or on textiles. Smart cards, flexible NFC tags and wearable NFC bracelets were prepared in this way to be used in electronic keys, business cards and other typical NFC applications.

中文翻译：

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基于石墨烯的柔性天线在消费电子设备中的应用

摘要 我们描述了近场通信 (NFC) 设备的制造和表征，这些设备基于由堆叠石墨烯多层膜组成的高度灵活的碳基天线。这种材料具有与单晶石墨相当的高电导率 (4.20 * 10 5 S/m)，但更加灵活和可加工。我们首先使用计算机建模研究用碳天线替代金属，以选择最佳设计。然后，我们根据通信协议 ISO/IEC 15693 制造了几种要使用的设备。在弯曲半径为 45 和 90 毫米的数十万次弯曲循环之前和之后，对 G 纸天线的电感进行了测试。在弯曲期间，自谐振频率和电感峰值显示出最小的变化，1 MHz 处的电阻从 33.09 Ω 变为 34.18 Ω，性能优于标准的商用金属天线。通过与智能手机和其他商用 NFC 读取器交换数据，这些设备通过了与标准商用金属天线的性能匹配的成功测试。石墨烯天线可以沉积在不同的标准聚合物基板或纺织品上。以这种方式制备的智能卡、柔性 NFC 标签和可穿戴 NFC 手环可用于电子钥匙、名片和其他典型的 NFC 应用。