Neural Population Dynamics Underlying Motor Learning Transfer.,Neuron

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Neural Population Dynamics Underlying Motor Learning Transfer.
Neuron ( IF 14.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-Mar-07 , DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.040
Saurabh Vyas ₁ , Nir Even-Chen ₂ , Sergey D Stavisky ₃ , Stephen I Ryu ₄ , Paul Nuyujukian ₅ , Krishna V Shenoy ₆

Affiliation

Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA.
Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Covert motor learning can sometimes transfer to overt behavior. We investigated the neural mechanism underlying transfer by constructing a two-context paradigm. Subjects performed cursor movements either overtly using arm movements, or covertly via a brain-machine interface that moves the cursor based on motor cortical activity (in lieu of arm movement). These tasks helped evaluate whether and how cortical changes resulting from "covert rehearsal" affect overt performance. We found that covert learning indeed transfers to overt performance and is accompanied by systematic population-level changes in motor preparatory activity. Current models of motor cortical function ascribe motor preparation to achieving initial conditions favorable for subsequent movement-period neural dynamics. We found that covert and overt contexts share these initial conditions, and covert rehearsal manipulates them in a manner that persists across context changes, thus facilitating overt motor learning. This transfer learning mechanism might provide new insights into other covert processes like mental rehearsal.

中文翻译：

运动学习迁移的神经种群动力学。

隐蔽的运动学习有时会转移到明显的行为上。我们通过构建两个上下文范式来研究迁移的神经机制。受试者要么公开地使用手臂运动，要么通过基于运动皮层活动（代替手臂运动）移动光标的脑机接口隐蔽地执行光标移动。这些任务有助于评估“秘密排练”导致的皮层变化是否以及如何影响公开表现。我们发现，隐蔽学习确实转移到了公开表现，并且伴随着运动准备活动的系统性人口水平变化。目前的运动皮层功能模型将运动准备归因于实现有利于随后运动期神经动力学的初始条件。我们发现隐蔽和公开的上下文共享这些初始条件，并且隐蔽的排练以在上下文变化中持续存在的方式操纵它们，从而促进公开的运动学习。这种迁移学习机制可能会为其他隐蔽过程（如心理排练）提供新的见解。

更新日期：2018-02-15

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