See Article by Hanson et al

The future depends on what you do today.

―Mahatma Gandhi

A biomarker is defined by the National Institutes of Health Biomarkers Definitions Working Group as “a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention.”¹ Several biomarkers have been studied in recent years; however, few are used in clinical practice. According to the US Preventive Services Task Force, the potential impact of a novel risk factor is based on the following: (1) its predictive ability, (2) its prevalence in the target population, (3) the number of intermediate-risk individuals who are reclassified as high risk when the risk factor is applied, and (4) the net benefit (benefits minus harms) that would accrue to these high-risk individuals if they were managed according to guidelines for high-risk patients.²

Amyloidosis involves the transformation of a precursor protein into an insoluble extracellular fibril that interferes with the function of the organs affected (Figure). The most common precursors include immunoglobulin light chains (AL amyloidosis), wild-type transthyretins (ATTRwt), and genetically mutated transthyretins (ATTRm). The field of amyloidosis continues to develop, and biomarkers have been used to estimate prognosis, guide management, and assess response to treatment. In AL amyloidosis, serum cTn (cardiac troponins) and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide) are the most studied biomarkers. In combination with other hematologic markers, they are used to classify patients into prognostic stages and to determine eligibility for stem cell transplantation, resulting in …

参见Hanson等的文章

未来取决于您今天的工作。

-圣雄甘地

美国国立卫生研究院生物标志物定义工作组将生物标志物定义为“经过客观测量和评估的特征，以作为正常生物学过程，致病过程或对治疗干预的药理反应的指标。” ^1个近年来已经研究了几种生物标志物。但是，很少用于临床实践。根据美国预防服务工作队的说法，一种新的危险因素的潜在影响基于以下因素：（1）其预测能力，（2）其在目标人群中的流行率，（3）中危人群的数量在应用风险因素后，这些人将被重新分类为高风险；（4）如果按照高风险患者的指南进行管理，这些高风险个体将获得的净收益（收益减去危害）。^2个

淀粉样变性涉及将前体蛋白转化为不溶性细胞外原纤维，从而干扰受影响器官的功能（图）。最常见的前体包括免疫球蛋白轻链（AL淀粉样变性），野生型甲状腺素蛋白（ATTRwt）和基因突变的甲状腺素蛋白（ATTRm）。淀粉样变性病领域继续发展，生物标志物已被用于估计预后，指导治疗和评估对治疗的反应。在AL淀粉样变性中，血清cTn（心肌肌钙蛋白）和NT-proBNP（N端脑钠肽前体肽）是研究最多的生物标志物。结合其他血液学标记物，它们被用于将患者分类为预后阶段，并确定是否适合进行干细胞移植，从而导致…