The fabrication of artificial cells containing nature components is challenging. Herein we construct a thylakoid containing artificial cell (TA-cell) by forming multicompartmental structure inside giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) using osmotic stress. The thylakoids are selectively loaded inside each compartment in GUVs to mimic “chloroplast”. The TA-cells are able to carry out photosynthesis upon light on. The TA-cells keep their 50% functionality of electron transfer for 12 days, which is twice of those of free thylakoids. Using TA-cells the inhibition of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) and heavy metal ions (Hg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺) on the electron transfer process in TA-cells is systematically investigated. Their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values are 36.23 ± 1.87, 0.02 ± 0.01, 0.42 ± 0.08, 0.82 ± 0.12, 1.97 ± 0.21, and 4.08 ± 0.18 μM, respectively. Hg²⁺ is the most toxic ion for the photosynthesis process among these five heavy metal ions. This biomimetic system can be expanded to study other processes during the photosynthesis. The TA-cells pave a way to fabricate more complicated nature component containing artificial cells.

中文翻译：

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光合作用中包含类囊体的人工细胞对光驱动电子转移的抑制研究

含有自然成分的人造细胞的制造具有挑战性。本文中，我们通过利用渗透压在巨大的单层囊泡（GUV）内形成多隔室结构，构建了一个包含类囊体的人工细胞（TA-cell）。类囊体有选择地装载在GUV的每个隔室内，以模仿“叶绿体”。TA细胞在光照下能够进行光合作用。TA细胞将其50％的电子转移功能保持12天，是游离类囊体的两倍。使用TA细胞抑制3-（3,4-二氯苯基）-1,1-二甲基脲（DCMU）和重金属离子（Hg 2 ⁺，Cu 2 ⁺，Cd 2 ⁺，Pb ²⁺和Zn ²⁺）对TA细胞中电子转移过程进行了系统的研究。它们的半数最大抑制浓度（IC ₅₀）值分别为36.23±1.87、0.02±0.01、0.42±0.08、0.82±0.12、1.97±0.21和4.08±0.18μM。在这五种重金属离子中，Hg ²⁺是光合作用过程中最具毒性的离子。该仿生系统可以扩展以研究光合作用中的其他过程。TA细胞为制造包含人工细胞的更复杂的自然成分铺平了道路。