Micro‐ and nanorobots have shown great potential for applications in various fields, including minimally invasive surgery, targeted therapy, cell manipulation, environmental monitoring, and water remediation. Recent progress in the design, fabrication, and operation of these miniaturized devices has greatly enhanced their versatility. In this report, the most recent progress on the manipulation of small‐scale robots based on power sources, such as magnetic fields, light, acoustic waves, electric fields, thermal energy, or combinations of these, is surveyed. The design and propulsion mechanism of micro‐ and nanorobots are the focus of this article. Their fabrication and applications are also briefly discussed.

中文翻译：

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由外部电源驱动的小型机器

微型和纳米机器人已在各个领域显示出巨大的应用潜力，包括微创手术、靶向治疗、细胞操作、环境监测和水修复。这些小型化设备的设计、制造和操作的最新进展极大地增强了它们的多功能性。在这份报告中，调查了基于电源（如磁场、光、声波、电场、热能或这些的组合）操纵小型机器人的最新进展。微纳米机器人的设计和推进机制是本文的重点。还简要讨论了它们的制造和应用。