Background

Dynamic establishment of the nasal microbiota in early life influences local mucosal immune responses and susceptibility to childhood respiratory disorders.

Objective

The aim of this case-control study was to monitor, evaluate, and compare development of the nasal microbiota of infants with rhinitis and wheeze in the first 18 months of life with those of healthy control subjects.

Methods

Anterior nasal swabs of 122 subjects belonging to the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) birth cohort were collected longitudinally over 7 time points in the first 18 months of life. Nasal microbiota signatures were analyzed by using 16S rRNA multiplexed pair-end sequencing from 3 clinical groups: (1) patients with rhinitis alone (n = 28), (2) patients with rhinitis with concomitant wheeze (n = 34), and (3) healthy control subjects (n = 60).

Results

Maturation of the nasal microbiome followed distinctive patterns in infants from both rhinitis groups compared with control subjects. Bacterial diversity increased over the period of 18 months of life in control infants, whereas infants with rhinitis showed a decreasing trend (P < .05). An increase in abundance of the Oxalobacteraceae family (Proteobacteria phylum) and Aerococcaceae family (Firmicutes phylum) was associated with rhinitis and concomitant wheeze (adjusted P < .01), whereas the Corynebacteriaceae family (Actinobacteria phylum) and early colonization with the Staphylococcaceae family (Firmicutes phylum; 3 weeks until 9 months) were associated with control subjects (adjusted P < .05). The only difference between the rhinitis and control groups was a reduced abundance of the Corynebacteriaceae family (adjusted P < .05). Determinants of nasal microbiota succession included sex, mode of delivery, presence of siblings, and infant care attendance.

Conclusion

Our results support the hypothesis that the nasal microbiome is involved in development of early-onset rhinitis and wheeze in infants.

中文翻译：

---

出生后头18个月鼻腔菌群的建立：与早发性鼻炎和喘息的相关性

背景

生命早期鼻腔菌群的动态建立会影响局部粘膜免疫反应和对儿童呼吸系统疾病的易感性。

客观的

这项病例对照研究的目的是监测，评估和比较出生后前18个月与健康对照对象的鼻炎和喘息婴儿鼻腔菌群的发育情况。

方法

在生命的前18个月内，在7个时间点纵向收集了122名受试者的前鼻拭子，这些受试者属于新加坡“朝着健康结果成长”（GUSTO）出生队列。通过使用3个临床组的16S rRNA多重双末端测序技术分析鼻微生物群特征：（1）仅鼻炎患者（n = 28），（2）鼻炎伴有喘息的患者（n = 34）和（3 ）健康对照组（n = 60）。

结果

与对照组相比，两个鼻炎组婴儿的鼻腔微生物组成熟度均遵循不同的模式。对照婴儿在生命的18个月内细菌多样性增加，而患有鼻炎的婴儿则呈下降趋势（P  <.05）。草酸杆菌科（Proteobacteria phylum）和气球菌科（Firmicutes phylum）的丰度增加与鼻炎和伴随的喘息（调整后的P  <.01）有关，而棒状杆菌科（Actinobacteria phylum）和葡萄球菌的早期定植（Staphylococcacee）门脉硬毛； 3周至9个月）与对照组相关（校正后的P <.05）。鼻炎和对照组之间的唯一区别是棒状杆菌科的丰度降低（校正后的P  <.05）。鼻微生物群继承的决定因素包括性别，分娩方式，是否有兄弟姐妹以及婴儿看护情况。

结论

我们的研究结果支持了鼻微生物组参与婴儿早发性鼻炎和喘息的假说。