Abstract This work proposes a flowsheet based on the combination of membrane processes for the effective recovery of value-added components contained in mining effluents with high concentration of hydrochloric acid and metal anionic and cationic chloro-complexes. A representative case of study has been selected consisting of a solution of zinc and iron that under the studied conditions were solubilized forming anionic and cationic chloro-complexes. The high complexity of the system requires of a selective membrane-based solvent extraction step to successfully achieve the separation of cationic iron from a solution containing the acid together with anionic species of zinc followed by a diffusion process through ion conductive membranes for acid recovery; in this step electrodialysis was selected searching for the optimum trade-off between process kinetics and separation selectivity. Although the quantitative results are case-dependent, the methodology can be well extended to any mining leaching effluent coming from the use of HCl as leaching agent and containing metal chloro-complexes.

中文翻译：

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模拟采矿废水中 HCl、锌和铁的膜选择性回收

摘要 这项工作提出了一种基于膜工艺组合的流程图，用于有效回收高浓度盐酸和金属阴离子和阳离子氯络合物的采矿废水中所含的增值成分。选择了一个代表性的研究案例，包括在研究条件下溶解形成阴离子和阳离子氯络合物的锌和铁溶液。该系统的高度复杂性需要选择性的基于膜的溶剂萃取步骤，以成功地从含有酸和阴离子锌的溶液中分离阳离子铁，然后通过离子传导膜进行扩散过程以回收酸；在此步骤中，选择电渗析以寻找过程动力学和分离选择性之间的最佳平衡。尽管定量结果取决于具体情况，但该方法可以很好地扩展到使用 HCl 作为浸出剂并含有金属氯络合物的任何采矿浸出液。