Deadly infections from opportunistic fungi have risen in frequency, largely because of the at-risk immunocompromised population created by advances in modern medicine and the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This review focuses on dynamics of the fungal polysaccharide cell wall, which plays an outsized role in fungal pathogenesis and therapy because it acts as both an environmental barrier and as the major interface with the host immune system. Human fungal pathogens use architectural strategies to mask epitopes from the host and prevent immune surveillance, and recent work elucidates how biotic and abiotic stresses present during infection can either block or enhance masking. The signaling components implicated in regulating fungal immune recognition can teach us how cell wall dynamics are controlled, and represent potential targets for interventions designed to boost or dampen immunity.

机会性真菌致命感染的频率有所上升，主要是因为现代医学的进步和艾滋病毒/艾滋病的流行造成了免疫功能低下的高危人群。本综述重点关注真菌多糖细胞壁的动力学，它在真菌发病机制和治疗中发挥着巨大作用，因为它既充当环境屏障，又充当与宿主免疫系统的主要界面。人类真菌病原体使用结构策略来掩盖宿主的表位并防止免疫监视，最近的工作阐明了感染过程中存在的生物和非生物应激如何阻止或增强掩盖。与调节真菌免疫识别有关的信号成分可以告诉我们如何控制细胞壁动力学，并代表旨在增强或抑制免疫的干预措施的潜在目标。