The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in health, particularly in promoting intestinal metabolic capacity and in maturing the immune system. The intestinal microbiota also mediates colonization resistance against pathogenic bacteria, hence protecting the host from infections. In addition, some bacterial pathogens deliver toxins that target phylogenetically related or distinct bacterial species in order to outcompete and establish within the microbiota. The most widely distributed weapons include bacteriocins, as well as contact-dependent growth inhibition and type VI secretion systems. In this review, we discuss important advances about the impact of such antibacterial systems on shaping the intestinal microbiota.

肠道菌群在健康中起着重要作用，特别是在促进肠道代谢能力和使免疫系统成熟方面。肠道菌群还介导了对病原菌的定植抗性，从而保护宿主免受感染。另外，一些细菌病原体传递以系统发育相关或不同细菌物种为目标的毒素，以便在微生物群内竞争并建立。分布最广的武器包括细菌素，以及与接触有关的生长抑制和VI型分泌系统。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了有关此类抗菌系统对肠道菌群形成的影响的重要进展。