Immunotherapies have revolutionized medical oncology following the remarkable and, in some cases, unprecedented outcomes observed in certain groups of patients with cancer. Combination with other therapeutic modalities, including anti-angiogenic agents, is one of the many strategies currently under investigation to improve the response rates and duration of immunotherapies. Such a strategy might seem counterintuitive given that anti-angiogenic agents can increase tumour hypoxia and reduce the number of blood vessels within tumours. Herein, we review the additional effects mediated by drugs targeting VEGF-dependent signalling and other pathways, such as those mediated by angiopoietin 2 or HGF, which might increase the efficacy of immunotherapies. In addition, we discuss the seldom considered possibility that immunotherapies, and immune-checkpoint inhibitors in particular, might increase the efficacy of anti-angiogenic or other types of antivascular therapies and/or promote changes in the tumour vasculature. In short, we propose that interactions between both therapeutic modalities could be considered a 'two-way street'.

在某些癌症患者群体中观察到了显着的，在某些情况下是前所未有的结果之后，免疫疗法彻底改变了医学肿瘤学。与包括抗血管生成剂在内的其他治疗方式相结合，是目前正在研究的旨在提高免疫疗法的应答率和持续时间的众多策略之一。鉴于抗血管生成剂可增加肿瘤缺氧并减少肿瘤内血管的数量，因此这种策略似乎违反直觉。本文中，我们综述了靶向VEGF依赖性信号传导和其他途径的药物介导的其他作用，例如血管生成素2或HGF介导的作用，这些作用可能会提高免疫疗法的功效。此外，我们讨论了很少考虑的免疫疗法的可能性，尤其是免疫检查点抑制剂可能会提高抗血管生成或其他类型的抗血管治疗的功效和/或促进肿瘤脉管系统的改变。简而言之，我们建议两种治疗方式之间的相互作用可以被认为是“双向大街”。