Abstract Novel desalination technologies with high ion removal capacity and low energy consumption are urgently needed to solve the water scarcity problem. Here we report a novel energy efficient dual-ions electrochemical deionization (DEDI) system with Ag nanoparticles/reduced graphene-oxide (AgNPs/rGO) as chloride ion Faradaic electrode and NaTi2(PO4)3/reduced graphene-oxide (NTP/rGO) as sodium ion Faradaic electrode. During the intercalation process, the sodium ions and chloride ions in the feed solution will be chemically intercalated into NTP/rGO electrode and AgNPs/rGO electrode, respectively. The DEDI system shows a stable and reversible salt removal capacity of 105 mg g−1 for 50 cycles with applied voltage range of −1.2–1.4 V. More importantly, when applying from 0 V to 1.4 V, although the removal capacity is relatively low (35.8 mg g−1), the energy recovery of this system is higher than 30% and the energy consumption is as low as 0.127 Wh g−1. Considering the brackish water used here is 2500 ppm, the energy consumption can be estimated to be 0.254 Wh L−1 for desalination of brackish water to drinkable water (500 ppm). The excellent performance of this DEDI system has made it a promising commercial technology for desalination of brackish water even seawater in the future.

中文翻译：

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使用 NaTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 -AgNPs 电极的低能耗双离子电化学去离子系统

摘要 解决水资源短缺问题迫切需要具有高离子去除能力和低能耗的新型海水淡化技术。在这里，我们报告了一种新型节能双离子电化学去离子 (DEDI) 系统，其中 Ag 纳米颗粒/还原氧化石墨烯 (AgNPs/rGO) 作为氯离子法拉第电极和 NaTi2(PO4)3/还原氧化石墨烯 (NTP/rGO)作为钠离子法拉第电极。在嵌入过程中，原料溶液中的钠离子和氯离子将分别化学嵌入 NTP/rGO 电极和 AgNPs/rGO 电极。DEDI 系统在施加电压范围为 -1.2–1.4 V 的情况下，在 50 次循环后显示出 105 mg g-1 的稳定且可逆的盐去除能力。更重要的是，当施加从 0 V 到 1.4 V 时，尽管去除能力相对较低(35.8 毫克 g-1), 该系统的能量回收率高于30%，能耗低至0.127 Wh g-1。考虑到这里使用的苦咸水为 2500 ppm，将苦咸水淡化为饮用水（500 ppm）的能耗估计为 0.254 Wh L-1。该 DEDI 系统的优异性能使其成为未来微咸水甚至海水淡化的一种很有前途的商业技术。