This review highlights recent advances in the synthesis of carbon dioxide (CO₂)-based copolymers with both linear (di-, tri-, and multi-block, etc.) and non-linear (star-block and grafting) architectures. The corresponding catalytic systems are summarized. The microstructure and polymerization mechanism of various types of CO₂-based copolymers, including block polycarbonates and block copolymers of polycarbonate with polyester, polyether, polyvinyl, and polydiene are discussed. The junction unit between two blocks, which indicates an abrupt change in the chain microstructure and property, is emphasized to define the microstructure of CO₂-based block copolymers. Special attention was paid to one-pot terpolymerization for the synthesis of CO₂-based block and grafting copolymers. Finally, the thermal, mechanical, and degradation properties and self-assembly of CO₂-based block and grafting copolymers are reviewed. Prospective future research and applications of this new class of polymeric materials are discussed.

这篇综述突出了具有线性（二嵌段，三嵌段和多嵌段等）和非线性（星形嵌段和接枝）结构的基于二氧化碳（CO ₂）的共聚物的合成的最新进展。总结了相应的催化体系。讨论了各种类型的CO ₂基共聚物的微观结构和聚合机理，包括嵌段聚碳酸酯和聚碳酸酯与聚酯，聚醚，聚乙烯和聚二烯的嵌段共聚物。强调两个嵌段之间的连接单元，其指示链的微观结构和性质的突然变化，被强调以定义基于CO ₂的嵌段共聚物的微观结构。特别注意用于合成CO _2的一锅法三元聚合基嵌段共聚物和接枝共聚物。最后，对基于CO ₂的嵌段和接枝共聚物的热，机械和降解性能以及自组装进行了综述。讨论了这种新型聚合物材料的未来研究和应用。