In wake-up radio (WuR) enabled wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a node triggers a data communication at any time instant by sending a wake-up call (WuC) in an on-demand manner. Such wake-up operations eliminate idle listening and overhearing burden for energy consumption in duty-cycled WSNs. Although WuR exhibits its superiority for light traffic, it is inefficient to handle high traffic load in a network. This paper makes an effort towards improving the performance of WuR under diverse load conditions with a twofold contribution. We first propose three protocols that support variable traffic loads by enabling respectively clear channel assessment (CCA), backoff plus CCA, and adaptive WuC transmissions. These protocols provide various options for achieving reliable data transmission, low latency, and energy efficiency for ultralow power consumption applications. Then, we develop an analytical framework based on an M/G/1/2 queue to evaluate the performance of these WuR protocols. Discrete-event simulations validate the accuracy of the analytical models.

中文翻译：

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唤醒无线电的MAC协议：原理，建模和性能分析

在启用了唤醒无线电（WuR）的无线传感器网络（WSN）中，节点可通过按需发送唤醒呼叫（WuC）在任何时刻触发数据通信。这种唤醒操作消除了占空比WSN的空闲监听和监听负担，降低了能耗。尽管WuR在轻流量方面表现出优势，但是在网络中处理高流量负载效率低下。本文致力于在多种负载条件下提高WuR的性能，并做出了双重贡献。我们首先提出三种协议，通过分别启用畅通信道评估（CCA），退避加CCA和自适应WuC传输来支持可变流量负载。这些协议为实现可靠的数据传输，低延迟，以及超低功耗应用的能源效率。然后，我们基于M / G / 1/2队列开发了一个分析框架，以评估这些WuR协议的性能。离散事件仿真验证了分析模型的准确性。