More than 100 pathogens, spanning multiple virus families, broadly termed ‘arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses)’ have been associated with human and/or animal diseases. These viruses persist in nature through transmission cycles that involve alternating replication in susceptible vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Collectively, these viruses are among the greatest burdens to global health, due to their widespread prevalence, and the severe morbidity and mortality they cause in human and animal hosts. Specific examples of mosquito-borne pathogens include Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus serotypes 1–4 (DENV 1–4), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), yellow fever virus (YFV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). Interactions between arboviruses and the immune pathways of vertebrate hosts have been extensively reviewed. In this review we focus on the antiviral immune pathways present in mosquitoes. We also discuss mechanisms by which mosquito-borne viruses may antagonize antiviral pathways in disease vectors. Finally, we elaborate on the possibility that mosquito-borne viruses may be engaged in an evolutionary arms race with their invertebrate vector hosts, and the possible implications of this for understanding the transmission of mosquito-borne viruses.

跨越多个病毒家族的100多种病原体被广泛称为“节肢动物传播的病毒（虫媒病毒）”，与人类和/或动物疾病有关。这些病毒通过传播周期在自然界中持久存在，这些传播周期包括在易感脊椎动物和无脊椎动物宿主中交替复制。总的来说，由于这些病毒的普遍流行以及它们在人和动物宿主中引起的严重发病率和死亡率，它们是全球健康的最大负担之一。蚊媒病原体的具体例子包括寨卡病毒（ZIKV），西尼罗河病毒（WNV），登革热病毒血清型1-4（DENV 1-4），日本脑炎病毒（JEV），黄热病病毒（YFV），基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）和裂谷热病毒（RVFV）。虫媒病毒与脊椎动物宿主免疫途径之间的相互作用已得到广泛的综述。在这篇综述中，我们着重于蚊子中存在的抗病毒免疫途径。我们还讨论了蚊媒病毒可能拮抗疾病载体中抗病毒途径的机制。最后，我们详细阐述了蚊媒病毒可能与其无脊椎动物媒介宿主参与进化军备竞赛的可能性，以及这种可能性对于理解蚊媒病毒的传播可能产生的影响。