Elucidation of the Sodium‐Storage Mechanism in Hard Carbons,Advanced Energy Materials

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Elucidation of the Sodium‐Storage Mechanism in Hard Carbons
Advanced Energy Materials ( IF 24.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-02-12 , DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201703217
Panxing Bai ₁ , Yongwu He ₁ , Xiaoxi Zou ₁ , Xinxin Zhao ₁ , Peixun Xiong ₁ , Yunhua Xu _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Hard carbons (HCs) are the most promising candidate anode materials for emerging Na‐ion batteries (NIBs). HCs are composed of misaligned graphene sheets with plentiful nanopores and defects, imparting a complex correlation between its structure and sodium‐storage behavior. The currently debated mechanism of Na⁺‐ion insertion in HCs hinders the development of high‐performance NIBs. In this article, ingenious and reliable strategies are used to elaborate the correlation between the structure and electrochemical performance and further illuminate the sodium‐storage mechanism in HCs. First, filling sulfur into the micropores of HCs can remove the low‐voltage plateau, providing solid evidence for its association with the pore‐filling mechanism. Along with the decreased concentration of defects/heteroatoms at higher treatment temperature, the reduced sloping capacity confirms the adsorption mechanism in the sloping region. Finally, the similar sodium‐insertion behaviors of HCs with ether‐based and ester‐based electrolytes indicate that no Na⁺ ions intercalate between the graphene layers. The determined adsorption‐pore‐filling mechanism encourages the design of more efficient HC anode materials with high capacity for high‐energy NIBs.

中文翻译：

阐明硬碳中的钠储存机理

硬碳（HCs）是新兴的Na-离子电池（NIB）最有希望的候选阳极材料。HCs由错位的石墨烯片组成，具有大量的纳米孔和缺陷，从而使其结构与钠存储行为之间具有复杂的相关性。目前辩论中的Na ⁺机制HC中的离子插入会阻碍高性能NIB的发展。在本文中，巧妙而可靠的策略用于阐述结构与电化学性能之间的相关性，并进一步阐明HCs中的钠存储机制。首先，将硫填充到HCs的微孔中可以消除低压平台，为其与孔隙填充机制的联系提供了有力的证据。随着在较高的处理温度下缺陷/杂原子浓度的降低，倾斜能力的降低证实了在倾斜区域的吸附机理。最后，具有醚基和酯基电解质的HC的相似的钠插入行为表明，没有Na ⁺离子插在石墨烯层之间。既定的吸附孔填充机制鼓励设计出更高效的HC阳极材料，并具有高容量，可用于高能NIB。

更新日期：2018-02-12

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