Background

Polysaccharides are a kind of biological macromolecular substance with multiple biological effects. Natural polysaccharides derived from plants and fungi are known as ideal raw food supplements for health food and pharmaceuticals due to their few side effects. Sulfated modification could significantly improve structure characteristics, promote bioactivities, and even add new bioactivities to polysaccharides. Thus, sulfated polysaccharides are increasingly causing more attention, as they have been proved to possess a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, and immunoregulatory, and anticoagulant activities. Furthermore, recent advances in synthesis, characterization and bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharides can promote its application in the food industry or pharmaceutics.

Scope and approach

This paper reviewed the main methods of sulfated modification, structural changes and the bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharide derivatives. We have comprehensively discussed biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides, emphatically the effects of sulfated group, composition, functional groups, as well as their replaced position on the bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharides, in order to reveal the potential mechanism of sulfation on bioactivities of polysaccharides.

Key findings and conclusions

This paper reviewed the recent research in the sulfated modification of polysaccharides and provided future directions for research in this area. There are many methods for sulfated modification, such as chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method, concentrated sulfuric acid method, and sulfur trioxide-pyridine method, which could improve anti-coagulant, anti-oxidative, immunoregulation, anti-tumor, and anti-virus activities of polysaccharides. Sulfated modification could change bioactivities of polysaccharides due to their effects on structure characteristics. DS, monosaccharide compositions, replaced position of sulfated groups were considered to contribute to their bioactivities promotion. Further studies are required to explore the application of sulfated polysaccharides in pharmaceutical and food industries.

中文翻译：

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多糖的硫酸化修饰：合成，表征和生物活性

背景

多糖是一种具有多种生物学效应的生物大分子物质。源自植物和真菌的天然多糖由于副作用极少，因此被认为是健康食品和药物的理想生食补充剂。硫酸化修饰可以显着改善结构特征，促进生物活性，甚至为多糖添加新的生物活性。因此，硫酸化多糖越来越引起人们的关注，因为它们已被证明具有多种生物活性，包括抗氧化剂，抗癌和免疫调节以及抗凝活性。此外，硫酸化多糖的合成，表征和生物活性方面的最新进展可促进其在食品工业或制药中的应用。

范围和方法

本文综述了硫酸化修饰的主要方法，结构变化以及硫酸化多糖衍生物的生物活性。我们已全面讨论了硫酸化多糖的生物活性，着重讨论了硫酸化基团，组成，官能团及其取代位置对硫酸化多糖生物活性的影响，以揭示硫酸化对多糖生物活性的潜在机制。

主要发现和结论

本文综述了多糖硫酸盐修饰的最新研究，并为该领域的研究提供了未来的方向。硫酸盐修饰的方法很多，例如氯磺酸-吡啶法，浓硫酸法和三氧化硫-吡啶法，可以提高抗凝血，抗氧化，免疫调节，抗肿瘤和抗病毒活性。多糖。硫酸化修饰由于其对结构特征的影响，可以改变多糖的生物活性。DS，单糖组合物，硫酸化基团的取代位置被认为有助于其生物活性的提高。需要进一步的研究来探索硫酸化多糖在制药和食品工业中的应用。