Micronutrients are essential to health at every life stage and their deficiencies are associated with increased incidence of various pathophysiological states and poor quality of life. Efficient methods are therefore needed to monitor micronutrient status of individuals and to improve evidenced-based recommendations for populations. This review (i) reports current approaches to assess the vitamin and mineral status in humans, (ii) summarizes current analytical advantages and shortcomings and (iii) provides practical information for both nutrition research and nutritional status diagnostics. Future analytical perspectives are discussed in relation to micronutrient profiling, analytical sensitivity, and miniaturized technologies.

微量营养素对于每个生命阶段的健康都是必不可少的，其缺乏与各种病理生理状态的发生率增加和生活质量下降有关。因此，需要有效的方法来监测个体的微量营养素状况并改善针对人群的循证推荐。这篇综述（i）报告了评估人体维生素和矿物质状况的当前方法，（ii）总结了目前的分析优势和不足，并且（iii）为营养研究和营养状况诊断提供了实用信息。讨论了有关微量营养素分析，分析灵敏度和小型化技术的未来分析观点。