Optical multiplexing has significantly boosted our capacity to acquire and process information in the modern era. This review surveys new methods for coding optical information to move from the macroscopic to the nanoscale. We highlight that advances in new materials, fabrication methods, super-resolution imaging tools, and microfluidic devices are the enabling technologies for many recent breakthroughs in micro- and nanoscale biophotonics. Multidimensional optical coding has been developed to assign addressable molecular probes for multiplexed molecular and cellular sensing. While illustrating the principles of coding information in multiple dimensions, we discuss prospective opportunities in material design and technological advancement and identify the challenges for eventually integrating and translating these biophotonic tools into cellular insights.

光多路复用极大地提高了我们在现代时代获取和处理信息的能力。这篇评论调查了编码光学信息以从宏观到纳米尺度的新方法。我们着重指出，新材料，制造方法，超分辨率成像工具和微流体设备的进步是微尺度和纳米尺度生物光子学许多近期突破的使能技术。已经开发了多维光学编码，以分配可寻址的分子探针以进行多重分子和细胞传感。在说明多维编码信息的原理时，