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The Ancient Origins of Neural Substrates for Land Walking.
Cell ( IF 45.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-Feb-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.013
Heekyung Jung 1 , Myungin Baek 1 , Kristen P D'Elia 1 , Catherine Boisvert 2 , Peter D Currie 3 , Boon-Hui Tay 4 , Byrappa Venkatesh 5 , Stuart M Brown 6 , Adriana Heguy 7 , David Schoppik 8 , Jeremy S Dasen 1
Affiliation  

Walking is the predominant locomotor behavior expressed by land-dwelling vertebrates, but it is unknown when the neural circuits that are essential for limb control first appeared. Certain fish species display walking-like behaviors, raising the possibility that the underlying circuitry originated in primitive marine vertebrates. We show that the neural substrates of bipedalism are present in the little skate Leucoraja erinacea, whose common ancestor with tetrapods existed ∼420 million years ago. Leucoraja exhibits core features of tetrapod locomotor gaits, including left-right alternation and reciprocal extension-flexion of the pelvic fins. Leucoraja also deploys a remarkably conserved Hox transcription factor-dependent program that is essential for selective innervation of fin/limb muscle. This network encodes peripheral connectivity modules that are distinct from those used in axial muscle-based swimming and has apparently been diminished in most modern fish. These findings indicate that the circuits that are essential for walking evolved through adaptation of a genetic regulatory network shared by all vertebrates with paired appendages. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

中文翻译:

陆地行走神经基质的古老起源。

步行是陆生脊椎动物表现出的主要运动行为,但对于肢体控制至关重要的神经回路何时首次出现尚不清楚。某些鱼类表现出类似行走的行为,这增加了潜在电路起源于原始海洋脊椎动物的可能性。我们发现,双足行走的神经基质存在于小鳐鱼 Leucoraja erinacea 中,它与四足动物的共同祖先存在于约 4.2 亿年前。Leucoraja 表现出四足动物运动步态的核心特征,包括左右交替和骨盆鳍的相互伸展-弯曲。Leucoraja 还部署了一个非常保守的 Hox 转录因子依赖性程序,这对于鳍/肢肌肉的选择性神经支配至关重要。该网络编码的外围连接模块与基于轴向肌肉的游泳中使用的模块不同,并且在大多数现代鱼类中显然已被削弱。这些发现表明,步行所必需的回路是通过所有具有成对附肢的脊椎动物所共享的基因调控网络的适应而进化的。视频摘要。
更新日期:2018-02-09
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