Reducing direct pressures on biodiversity will only be possible once the consumption drivers behind them are identified. Target 4 of the Convention on Biological Diversity highlights the importance of moving towards sustainable patterns of production and consumption. However, linking consumption patterns to impacts on biodiversity is a complex task, especially in today's globalized world. Here, we review how environmentally extended multi-regional input–output analysis and life cycle assessment have been used to analyze the impacts of consumption on biodiversity, as well as the main challenges in doing so. Finally we discuss how these methods can provide new indicators to measure the progress towards policy goals.

只有确定了生物多样性背后的消费驱动因素，才有可能减轻对生物多样性的直接压力。《生物多样性公约》的目标4强调了迈向可持续的生产和消费方式的重要性。但是，将消费方式与对生物多样性的影响联系起来是一项复杂的任务，尤其是在当今全球化的世界中。在这里，我们回顾了如何利用环境扩展的多区域投入产出分析和生命周期评估来分析消费对生物多样性的影响以及这样做的主要挑战。最后，我们讨论了这些方法如何提供新的指标来衡量实现政策目标的进度。