Autophagy is closely related to virus‐induced disease and a comprehensive understanding of the autophagy‐associated infection process of virus will be significant for developing more effective antiviral strategies. However, many critical issues and the underlying mechanism of autophagy in virus entry still need further investigation. Here, this study unveils the involvement of autophagy in influenza A virus entry. The quantum‐dot‐based single‐virus tracking technique assists in real‐time, prolonged, and multicolor visualization of the transport process of individual viruses and provides unambiguous dissection of the autophagic trafficking of viruses. These results reveal that roughly one‐fifth of viruses are ferried into cells for infection by autophagic machineries, while the remaining are not. A comprehensive overview of the endocytic‐ and autophagic‐trafficking process indicates two distinct trafficking pathway of viruses, either dependent on Rab5‐positive endosomes or autophagosomes, with striking similarities. Expressing dominant‐negative mutant of Rab5 suggests that the autophagic trafficking of viruses is independent on Rab5. The present study provides dynamic, precise, and mechanistic insights into the involvement of autophagy in virus entry, which contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between autophagy and virus entry. The quantum‐dot‐based single‐virus tracking is proven to hold promise for autophagy‐related fundamental research.

中文翻译：

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通过基于量子点的单病毒跟踪发现独立于Rab5的甲型流感病毒的自噬运输

自噬与病毒引起的疾病密切相关，对病毒自噬相关感染过程的全面了解对于制定更有效的抗病毒策略具有重要意义。但是，病毒进入过程中的许多关键问题和自噬的潜在机制仍需要进一步研究。在这里，这项研究揭示了自噬在甲型流感病毒进入中的作用。基于量子点的单病毒跟踪技术有助于实时，长时间和多色可视化单个病毒的传输过程，并清楚地分清了病毒的自噬交易。这些结果表明，大约有五分之一的病毒被转移到细胞中以通过自噬机器进行感染，而其余的则没有。内吞和自噬的贩运过程的全面概述表明，病毒的两种截然不同的贩运途径都依赖于Rab5阳性内体或自噬体，具有惊人的相似性。表达Rab5的显性负突变体表明病毒的自噬运输独立于Rab5。本研究提供了自噬参与病毒进入过程的动态，精确和机械的见解，这有助于更好地了解自噬与病毒进入之间的关系。事实证明，基于量子点的单病毒跟踪可以为自噬相关的基础研究带来希望。表达Rab5的显性负突变体表明病毒的自噬运输独立于Rab5。本研究提供了自噬参与病毒进入过程的动态，精确和机械的见解，这有助于更好地了解自噬与病毒进入之间的关系。事实证明，基于量子点的单病毒跟踪可以为自噬相关的基础研究带来希望。表达Rab5的显性负突变体表明病毒的自噬运输独立于Rab5。本研究提供了自噬参与病毒进入过程的动态，精确和机械的见解，这有助于更好地了解自噬与病毒进入之间的关系。事实证明，基于量子点的单病毒跟踪可以为自噬相关的基础研究带来希望。