Dermal and transdermal drug delivery (due to its non-invasiveness, avoidance of the first-pass metabolism, controlling the rate of drug input over a prolonged time, etc.) have gained significant acceptance. Several methods are employed to overcome the permeability barrier of the skin, improving drug penetration into/through skin. Among chemical penetration enhancement methods, nanocarriers have been extensively studied. When applied alone, nanocarriers mostly deliver drugs to skin and can be used to treat skin diseases. To achieve effective transdermal drug delivery, nanocarriers should be applied with physical methods, as they act synergistically in enhancing drug penetration. This review describes combined use of frequently used nanocarriers (liposomes, novel elastic vesicles, lipid-based and polymer-based nanoparticles and dendrimers) with the most efficient physical methods (microneedles, iontophoresis, ultrasound and electroporation) and demonstrates superiority of the combined use of nanocarriers and physical methods in drug penetration enhancement compared to their single use.

皮肤和透皮药物输送（由于其无创性，避免首过代谢，长时间控制药物输入速率等））已获得广泛认可。采用了几种方法来克服皮肤的渗透性障碍，从而改善药物渗透进/穿过皮肤的能力。在化学渗透增强方法中，已经对纳米载体进行了广泛的研究。单独使用时，纳米载体通常将药物输送到皮肤，可用于治疗皮肤疾病。为了实现有效的透皮药物递送，应通过物理方法使用纳米载体，因为它们在增强药物渗透方面具有协同作用。这篇评论描述了经常使用的纳米载体（脂质体，新型弹性囊泡，基于脂质和基于聚合物的纳米颗粒和树枝状聚合物）与最有效的物理方法（微针，离子电渗疗法，